Chief of Staff of the French Navy

The Chief of Staff of the French Navy (French: Chef d'État-Major de la Marine, acronym: C.E.M.M.) is the head of the French Navy and is responsible to the Minister of the Armed Forces in relation to preparation and deployment. They are a subordinate of the Chief of the Defense Staff and their deputy is the Major General of the Navy. Since the 1950s, the office has been held only by five-star admirals (OF-9). The current Chief is Amiral Pierre Vandier since 1 September 2020.

Chief of Staff of the French Navy
Chef d'État-Major de la Marine (fr)
Incumbent
Amiral PIerre Vandier

since 1 September 2020
Ministry of the Armed Forces
StyleMonsieur le Chef d'État-Major de la Marine
AbbreviationC.E.M.M.
Member ofChiefs of Staff Committee
Reports toChief of the Defence Staff
SeatHexagone Balard, Paris
AppointerPresident of the Republic
Requires the Prime Minister's countersignature
Term lengthNo fixed term
Formation1871
First holderJules Krantz
DeputyMajor General of the Navy
Websitewww.defense.gouv.fr

Responsibilities

The chief, as a naval expert, assists:

  • The Chief of the Defence Staff in the preparation of naval operations, planning, programming and the motion application of cohesiveness in consolidating future military means
  • The Prime Minister in safeguarding France's maritime apparatus

The chief has authority over:

  • Various naval commands:
  • The territorial organization of the Navy:
  • The services of the Navy:
    • Directectorate of the Navy Military Personnel (DPMM)
    • Central Directorate of the Navy Commission (DCCM)
    • Central Directorate of the Navy Information Systems (DCSIM)
    • Central Directorate of the Fleet Support Service (DCSSF)
    • Central Directorate of the Naval and Real Estates Works (DCTIM)

They lead the Staff of the Navy who oversees, through the four divisions (human resources, planning, programmes and logistical operations), the general direction of the Navy. Finally, they preside over the board of directors of the Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM).

History

Before World War I

Well before the First World War, the Chief of Staff of the French Navy was at first hand the Military Cabinet Chief of the Minister of the Navy. This mode of functioning was at origin the main utilization designation of the military figure which had effective authority on the French Navy, and referred to the admiral who commanded the armed naval force, often designated as amiralissime, in reference to the title of « généralissime » used in the French Army.

During World War I

The First World War replaced all these functionalities in cause, with major incorporation of various tasks in order to conduct a long term industrial naval warfare in light of disposing and having the means to confront new menaces, mainly constituted by submarine warfare and mine explosions: in accordance, another sort of twin identical general staff headquarters directorate was created and designated as Directorate General of Submarine Warfare (DGGSM) with an action domain often described as redundant, a constituted redundancy which naturally led to the dissolving of the DGGSM, at the end of World War I and the transfer of the various associated attribution prerogatives to the various bureaux of the General Staff of the Navy.

In order to dispose of an effective permanent system allowing the uniform façade transition shiftings between times of peace - preparation periods - and times of war - action periods -, the Chief of Staff became, in the early years of 1920s, the designated Commandant of the French Naval Forces in case of war, and the various work functionalities of the General Staff would be in such circumstances at the disposition of the Major General of the French Navy, a Vice-Admiral and his first deputy in times of peace.

After World War II

After World War II, the progressive disappearing of the Ministry of the Navy led to confine a part of the prerogatives of the Naval Minister to the Chief of Staff, a part of the prerogatives which were in a progressive manner adopted at the Joint level by the Defence Staff and its Chief. This Chief accordingly inherited the direction responsibility of naval and maritime operations from the Chief of Staff of the Navy in 1971, while the French Army and French Air Force had their combat authority direction responsibility of operations transferred to the Chief of the Defence Staff ten years earlier in 1961.

In the early 2000s, a large part of these organic prerogatives - forces preparations - were transferred to Chief of the Defence Staff, however the Chief of Staff of the Navy remains the principal counselor and adviser in relation to the preparation of use of the French Navy.

Name of the office

The office took various names during its history:

  • Chief of the General Staff of the Navy (1871 – 1939)
  • Commander-in-chief of the French Naval Forces (1939 – 1941)
  • Chief of the General Staff of the French Naval Forces (1941 – 1943)
  • Chief of the General Staff of the Navy (1943 – 1950)
  • Chief of Staff of the Navy (1950 – )

List of chiefs

The following is a list of chiefs that served under the Third Republic, the French State, the Fourth Republic and the Fifth Republic:

Third Republic

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term Minister Commander-in-Chief Ref.[lower-alpha 1]
Took office Left office Duration
Office established
1 Contre-amiral[lower-alpha 2]
Jules Krantz
9 March 1871 4 June 1873 2 years, 87 days Louis Pothuau
Charles d'Hornoy
Adolphe Thiers
Patrice de MacMahon
[2]
-
2 Contre-amiral
Victor Duperré
4 June 1873 1 October 1874 1 year, 119 days Charles d'Hornoy
Louis de Chauvance
Patrice de MacMahon [3]
-
3 Contre-amiral
Henri Garnault
1 October 1874 12 March 1876 1 year, 163 days Louis de Chauvance
Léon Fourichon
Patrice de MacMahon [4]
-
4 Contre-amiral
Albert Roussin
12 March 1876 1 October 1877 1 year, 203 days Léon Fourichon
Albert des Touches
Albert Roussin
Patrice de MacMahon [5]
-
5 Contre-amiral
Abel-Nicolas Bergasse du Petit-Thouars
1 October 1877 12 February 1879 1 year, 134 days Albert Roussin
Louis Pothuau
Jean Jauréguiberry
Patrice de MacMahon
Jules Grévy
[6]
-
6 Contre-amiral
Eugène Sellier
12 February 1879 2 August 1880 1 year, 172 days Jean Jauréguiberry Jules Grévy [7]
-
7 Contre-amiral
Alexandre Peyron
2 August 1880 17 November 1881 1 year, 107 days Jean Jauréguiberry
Georges Cloué
Auguste Gougeard
Jules Grévy [8]
-
8 Capitaine de vaisseau
Armand Besnard
17 November 1881 1 February 1882 76 days Auguste Gougeard
Jean Jauréguiberry
Jules Grévy [9]
-
9 Vice-amiral
Alexandre Peyron
1 February 1882 28 February 1883 1 year, 27 days Jean Jauréguiberry
François de Mahy
Jules Grévy [10]
-
10 Contre-amiral
Sébastien Lespès
28 February 1883 14 July 1885 2 years, 136 days François de Mahy
Charles Brun
Alexandre Peyron
Charles-Eugène Galiber
Jules Grévy [11]
-
11 Contre-amiral
Charles de la Jaille
14 July 1885 10 January 1886 180 days Charles-Eugène Galiber
Théophile Aube
Jules Grévy [12]
-
12 Contre-amiral[lower-alpha 2]
Louis Brown de Colstoun
10 January 1886 1 April 1887 1 year, 81 days Théophile Aube Jules Grévy [13]
-
13 Capitaine de vaisseau
Alfred Gervais
1 April 1887 2 June 1887 62 days Théophile Aube
Édouard Barbey
Jules Grévy [14]
-
14 Contre-amiral
Louis Alquier
2 June 1887 16 December 1887 197 days Édouard Barbey
François de Mahy
Jules Grévy
Sadi Carnot
[15]
-
15 Contre-amiral
Alfred Le Timbre
16 December 1887 13 November 1889 1 year, 332 days François de Mahy
Jules Krantz
Benjamin Jaurès
Jules Krantz
Édouard Barbey
Sadi Carnot [16]
-
16 Vice-amiral
Louis Vignes
13 November 1889 11 February 1892 2 years, 90 days Édouard Barbey Sadi Carnot [17]
-
17 Vice-amiral
Alfred Gervais
11 February 1892 22 September 1894 2 years, 223 days Édouard Barbey
Godefroy Cavaignac
[...]
Auguste Lefèvre
Félix Faure
Sadi Carnot
Jean Casimir-Perier
[18]
-
18 Vice-amiral
Edgar Humann
22 September 1894 8 November 1895 1 year, 48 days Félix Faure
Armand Besnard
Édouard Lockroy
Jean Casimir-Perier
Félix Faure
[19]
-
19 Contre-amiral
Charles Chauvin
8 November 1895 16 June 1896 221 days Édouard Lockroy
Armand Besnard
Félix Faure [20]
-
20 Vice-amiral
Jean de Lamornaix
16 June 1896 8 July 1898 2 years, 22 days Armand Besnard
Édouard Lockroy
Félix Faure [21]
-
21 Vice-amiral
Jules de Cuverville
8 July 1898 8 July 1899 1 year, 0 days Édouard Lockroy
Jean-Marie de Lanessan
Félix Faure
Émile Loubet
[22]
-
22 Contre-amiral
Léonce Caillard
8 July 1899 1 May 1900 297 days Jean-Marie de Lanessan Émile Loubet [23]
-
23 Vice-amiral
Amédée Bienaimé
1 May 1900 1 February 1902 1 year, 276 days Jean-Marie de Lanessan Émile Loubet [24]
-
24 Contre-amiral[lower-alpha 3]
Ernest Marquer
1 February 1902 18 February 1904 2 years, 17 days Jean-Marie de Lanessan
Camille Pelletan
Émile Loubet [25]
-
25 Contre-amiral[lower-alpha 3]
Paul Campion
18 February 1904 29 January 1905 346 days Camille Pelletan
Gaston Thomson
Émile Loubet [26]
-
26 Vice-amiral
Charles Touchard
29 January 1905 1 November 1905 276 days Gaston Thomson Émile Loubet [27]
-
27 Vice-amiral[lower-alpha 4]
Charles Aubert
1 November 1905 23 August 1909 3 years, 295 days Gaston Thomson
Alfred Picard
Auguste de Lapeyrère
Émile Loubet
Armand Fallières
[28]
-
28 Vice-amiral[lower-alpha 4]
Laurent Marin-Darbel
23 August 1909 15 February 1911 1 year, 176 days Auguste de Lapeyrère Armand Fallières [29]
-
29 Vice-amiral[lower-alpha 4]
Paul Auvert
15 February 1911 1 February 1912 351 days Auguste de Lapeyrère
Théophile Delcassé
Armand Fallières [30]
-
30 Vice-amiral
Charles Aubert
1 February 1912 24 January 1913 358 days Théophile Delcassé
Pierre Baudin
Armand Fallières [31]
-
31 Vice-amiral
Pierre Le Bris
24 January 1913 26 May 1914 1 year, 122 days Pierre Baudin
Ernest Monis
Armand Gauthier
Armand Fallières
Raymond Poincaré
[32]
-
32 Vice-amiral
Louis-Joseph Pivet
26 May 1914 5 December 1914 193 days Armand Gauthier
Émile Chautemps
Armand Gauthier
Victor Augagneur
Raymond Poincaré [33]
-
33 Vice-amiral
Charles Aubert
5 December 1914 7 June 1915† 184 days Victor Augagneur Raymond Poincaré [34]
-
34 Vice-amiral
Eugène de Jonquières
9 June 1915 10 March 1916 275 days Victor Augagneur
Lucien Lacaze
Raymond Poincaré [35]
-
35 Vice-amiral
Ferdinand De Bon
10 March 1916 16 April 1919 3 years, 37 days Lucien Lacaze
Charles Chaumet
Georges Leygues
Raymond Poincaré [36]
-
36 Vice-amiral
Pierre-Alexis Ronarc'h
16 April 1919 4 February 1920 294 days Georges Leygues
Adolphe Landry
Raymond Poincaré [37]
-
37 Vice-amiral
Henri Salaün
4 February 1920 26 January 1921 357 days Adolphe Landry
Gabriel Guist'hau
Raymond Poincaré
Paul Deschanel
Alexandre Millerand
[38]
-
38 Vice-amiral
Maurice Grasset
26 January 1921 23 July 1924 3 years, 179 days Gabriel Guist'hau
Flaminius Raiberti
Maurice Bokanowski
Désiré Ferry
Jacques-Louis Dumesnil
Alexandre Millerand
Gaston Doumergue
[39]
-
39 Vice-amiral
Henri Salaun
23 July 1924 11 January 1928 3 years, 172 days Jacques-Louis Dumesnil
Émile Borel
Georges Leygues
René Renoult
Georges Leygues
Gaston Doumergue [40]
-
40 Vice-amiral
Louis-Hippolyte Violette
11 January 1928 17 February 1931 3 years, 37 days Georges Leygues
Albert Sarraut
Jacques-Louis Dumesnil
Albert Sarraut
Charles Dumont
Gaston Doumergue [41]
-
41 Vice-amiral
Georges Durand-Viel
17 February 1931 31 December 1936 5 years, 318 days Charles Dumont
Georges Leygues
[...]
François Piétri
Alphonse Duparc
Gaston Doumergue
Paul Doumer
Albert Lebrun
[42]
-
42 Amiral[lower-alpha 5]
François Darlan
31 December 1936 25 June 1939 2 years, 176 days Alphonse Duparc
César Campinchi
William Bertrand
César Campinchi
Albert Lebrun [43]
-

French State

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term Minister Commander-in-Chief Ref.[lower-alpha 1]
Took office Left office Duration
(42) Amiral[lower-alpha 6]
François Darlan
25 June 1939 2 September 1941 2 years, 69 days César Campinchi
François Darlan
Albert Lebrun
Philippe Pétain
[44]
-
43 Contre-amiral
Gabriel Auphan
2 September 1941 18 November 1942 1 year, 77 days François Darlan Philippe Pétain [45]
-
44 Vice-amiral d'escadre
Maurice Le Luc
21 November 1942 1 April 1943 131 days Jean Abrial Philippe Pétain [46]
-

Fourth Republic

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term Minister[lower-alpha 7] Commander-in-Chief Ref.[lower-alpha 1]
Took office Left office Duration
45 Vice-amiral d'escadre[lower-alpha 8]
André Lemonnier
7 August 1943 28 May 1950 6 years, 294 days Philippe Auboyneau
Louis Jacquinot
[...]
Paul Ramadier
René Pleven
Charles de Gaulle
Félix Gouin
Georges Bidault
Léon Blum
Vincent Auriol
[47]
-
46 Vice-amiral
Robert Battet
28 May 1950 14 July 1950† 47 days René Pleven
Jules Moch
Vincent Auriol [48]
-
47 Vice-amiral
Roger-Gabriel Lambert
10 August 1950 26 October 1951 1 year, 77 days Jules Moch
Georges Bidault
Vincent Auriol [49]
-
48 Amiral
Henri Nomy
26 October 1951 19 May 1960 8 years, 206 days Georges Bidault
René Pleven
[...]
Pierre Guillaumat
Pierre Messmer
Vincent Auriol
René Coty
Charles de Gaulle
-
-

Fifth Republic

No. Portrait Rank & Name Term Minister Commander-in-Chief Ref.[lower-alpha 1]
Took office Left office Duration
49 Amiral
Georges Cabanier
19 May 1960 1 January 1968 7 years, 227 days Pierre Messmer Charles de Gaulle [50]
-
50 Amiral
André Patou
1 January 1968 1 May 1970 2 years, 120 days Pierre Messmer
Michel Debré
Charles de Gaulle
Georges Pompidou
-
-
51 Amiral
André Storelli
1 May 1970 1 February 1972 1 year, 276 days Michel Debré Georges Pompidou -
-
52 Amiral
Marc de Joybert
1 February 1972 14 July 1974 2 years, 163 days Michel Debré
Robert Galley
Jacques Soufflet
Yvon Bourges
Georges Pompidou
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
-
-
53 Amiral
Albert Joire-Noulens
14 July 1974 1 August 1976 2 years, 18 days Yvon Bourges Valéry Giscard d'Estaing [51]
-
54 Amiral
Jean-René Lannuzel
1 August 1976 1 August 1982 6 years, 0 days Yvon Bourges
Joël Le Theule
Robert Galley
Charles Hernu
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
François Mitterrand
[52]
-
55 Amiral
Yves Leenhardt
1 August 1982 30 January 1987 4 years, 182 days Charles Hernu
Paul Quilès
André Giraud
François Mitterrand [53]
-
56 Amiral
Bernard Louzeau
30 January 1987 20 November 1990 3 years, 294 days André Giraud
Jean-Pierre Chevènement
François Mitterrand [54]
-
57 Amiral
Alain Coatanéa
20 November 1990 1 July 1994 3 years, 223 days Jean-Pierre Chevènement
Pierre Joxe
François Léotard
François Mitterrand [55]
-
58 Amiral
Jean-Charles Lefebvre
1 July 1994 2 May 1999 4 years, 305 days François Léotard
Charles Millon
Alain Richard
François Mitterrand
Jacques Chirac
[56]
-
59 Amiral
Jean-Luc Delaunay
2 May 1999 1 July 2001 2 years, 60 days Alain Richard Jacques Chirac [57]
-
60 Amiral
Jean-Louis Battet
1 July 2001 15 June 2005 3 years, 349 days Alain Richard
Michèle Alliot-Marie
Jacques Chirac [58]
[59]
61 Amiral
Alain Oudot de Dainville
15 June 2005 4 February 2008 2 years, 234 days Michèle Alliot-Marie
Hervé Morin
Jacques Chirac
Nicolas Sarkozy
[60]
[61]
62 Amiral
Pierre-François Forissier
4 February 2008 12 September 2011 3 years, 220 days Hervé Morin
Alain Juppé
Gérard Longuet
Nicolas Sarkozy [62]
-
63 Amiral
Bernard Rogel
12 September 2011 13 July 2016 4 years, 305 days Gérard Longuet
Jean-Yves Le Drian
Nicolas Sarkozy
François Hollande
[63]
[64]
64 Amiral
Christophe Prazuck
13 July 2016 1 September 2020 4 years, 50 days Jean-Yves Le Drian
Sylvie Goulard
Florence Parly
François Hollande
Emmanuel Macron
[65]
[66]
65 Amiral
Pierre Vandier
1 September 2020 Incumbent 151 days Florence Parly Emmanuel Macron [67]

See also

Notes

  1. Upper references are the official decree of nomination in French. Lower references are press articles in English.
  2. Capitaine de vaisseau at the time of his appointment, promoted to Contre-amiral while in office.
  3. Appointed "Chef d'état-major général avec le titre faisant fonction"; faisant fonction is a locution indicating that an officer is holding an office usually attached to a higher rank.
  4. Contre-amiral at the time of his appointment, promoted to Vice-amiral while in office.
  5. Vice-amiral at the time of his appointment, promoted to Amiral and bearing the title Amiral de la flotte while in office.
  6. From 25 June 1939, his full style was The admiral of the Fleet, Commander-in-chief of the French Naval Forces.
  7. The Minister of the Navy was responsible until 1947, after which the Minister of the Armed Forces took over.
  8. Contre-amiral at the time of his appointment, promoted to Vice-amiral and Vice-amiral d'escadre while in office.

References

  1. "Marques, honneurs, saluts et visites dans les forces navales et à bord des bâtiments de la marine militaire". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). 10 August 1939. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  2. Government of the French Republic (8 March 1871). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  3. Government of the French Republic (3 June 1873). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  4. Government of the French Republic (30 September 1874). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  5. Government of the French Republic (11 March 1876). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  6. Government of the French Republic (30 September 1877). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  7. Government of the French Republic (11 February 1879). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  8. Government of the French Republic (1 August 1880). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  9. Government of the French Republic (16 November 1881). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  10. Government of the French Republic (31 January 1882). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  11. Government of the French Republic (28 February 1883). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  12. Government of the French Republic (13 July 1885). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  13. Government of the French Republic (9 January 1886). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  14. Government of the French Republic (31 March 1887). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  15. Government of the French Republic (1 June 1887). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  16. Government of the French Republic (15 December 1887). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  17. Government of the French Republic (12 November 1889). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  18. Government of the French Republic (23 January 1892). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  19. Government of the French Republic (21 September 1894). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  20. Government of the French Republic (7 November 1895). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  21. Government of the French Republic (15 June 1896). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  22. Government of the French Republic (7 July 1898). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  23. Government of the French Republic (7 July 1899). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  24. Government of the French Republic (27 April 1900). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  25. Government of the French Republic (31 January 1902). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  26. Government of the French Republic (18 February 1904). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  27. Government of the French Republic (28 January 1905). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  28. Government of the French Republic (17 August 1905). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  29. Government of the French Republic (4 August 1909). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  30. Government of the French Republic (24 January 1911). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  31. Government of the French Republic (10 January 1912). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  32. Government of the French Republic (8 January 1913). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  33. Government of the French Republic (22 May 1914). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  34. Government of the French Republic (4 December 1914). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  35. Government of the French Republic (8 June 1915). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  36. Government of the French Republic (4 March 1916). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  37. Government of the French Republic (15 April 1919). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  38. Government of the French Republic (3 February 1920). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  39. Government of the French Republic (25 January 1921). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  40. Government of the French Republic (22 July 1924). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  41. Government of the French Republic (10 January 1928). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  42. Government of the French Republic (16 February 1931). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  43. Government of the French Republic (5 November 1936). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  44. Government of the French Republic (24 June 1939). "Décret portant appelation avec prise de rang". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  45. Government of the French State (1 September 1941). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  46. Government of the French State (20 November 1942). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  47. Government of the French Republic (6 August 1943). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  48. Government of the French Republic (27 May 1950). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  49. JORF #190 - P8411 - 11 August 1950
  50. JORF #117 - P4537 - 19 May 1960
  51. Government of the French Republic (8 July 1974). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  52. Government of the French Republic (18 June 1976). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  53. Government of the French Republic (2 June 1982). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  54. Government of the French Republic (23 December 1986). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  55. Government of the French Republic (7 November 1990). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  56. Government of the French Republic (9 May 1994). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  57. Government of the French Republic (9 April 1999). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  58. Government of the French Republic (31 May 2001). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  59. "Honours for elite snubbed by De Gaulle". The Guardian. 7 June 2004. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  60. Government of the French Republic (13 May 2005). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  61. "French Navy Chief visits India". French Embassy in New Delhi. 8 December 2007. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  62. Government of the French Republic (21 January 2008). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  63. Government of the French Republic (24 June 2011). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  64. "French Navy Plans Around Ship Sale to Egypt". DefenseNews. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  65. Government of the French Republic (7 July 2016). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  66. "France launches new nuclear-powered attack submarine". France24. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
  67. Government of the French Republic (22 July 2020). "Décret portant affectation d'un officier général". legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 10 August 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.