Chilean Marine Corps

The Chilean Marine Corps (Spanish: Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina, CIM) is an entity of the Chilean Navy special forces which specializes in amphibious assaults.

Chilean Marine Corps
Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina de Chile
Coat of arms of Chilean Marine Corps
Active16 June 1818 - present
(202 years, 7 months)
Country Chile
Branch Chilean Navy
TypeMarines
RoleAmphibious warfare
Special forces
Coastal defense
Military bands
Size5,500 marines (present)[1]
Nickname(s)Cossacks
Motto(s)"Fortis Atque Fidelis" (Latin)
"Fuerte a la vez que Fieles" (Spanish)
"Strong and Loyal" (English)
ColoursScarlet Red, Blue and Yellow
     
March"Himno de la Infantería de Marina" (Spanish)
"Torreones de Oro" (Spanish)
"Honores a los Caídos" (Spanish)
Anniversaries16 June (Creation of the Chilean Marine Corps)
Engagements
Websitewww.infanteriademarina.cl
Commanders
Current general commanderCounter admiral Pedro Ábrego Martínez
Current major constableWarrant officer Francisco Montiel Cortés
Prominent figuresGuillermo Miller
Antonio Hurtado
Juan de Dios Aldea
Insignia
Naval flag
Chilean Navy special forces sailors seen here using the MP5N.

History

A Chilean Marine aiming the HK33A2 during training alongside U.S. Marines.

The Marine Corps was born with the establishment of the first armed forces of an independent Chile: the Corps was founded by Don Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme on June 16, 1818, through a Supreme Decree. However, the predecessor of the Marine Corps in Chilean history may be found in the early efforts of patriot revolutionaries against Spain in challenging royal control of the sea. In fact, a force of twenty-five soldiers Cazadores de los Andes, aboard the brig "Aguila" constituted the embryo of the Marines, who have since participated in all the actions to which Chilean warships have been committed.

O'Higgins's Supreme Decree described the role of the Marines: "these people will fire rifles from the deck, [and] will handle the machete in boardings and bayonet and cannon in landings." The Marine Corps thus became an indispensable complement to the sailors of the Navy, whose primary responsibility was to properly maneuver their craft during combat.

Mission and later history

HMMWV of the Chilean Navy.

"To provide the operational commander of Marines forces organized, equipped and trained, with the aim of contributing to the projection of naval power, to defend the coast and internal security and institutional."

In other words, it consists mainly of amphibious assault force, coastal defense force, special forces, support organs and garrisons.

It also organizes, equips and trains them to develop in times of conflict operations and actions that are characteristic over territory or where necessary, as irreplaceable component of the naval power of the nation, contributing effectively to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity.

The Marines were to move in line with the means available to the Chilean Navy. The advent of steam ships and the longer range of the artillery, and many other circumstances, ensured fighting occurred at a greater distances; Collisions were becoming increasingly impractical and rifles on the deck, unnecessary. For that reason was the predominant role of gunner and the Marine Corps became Artillery Battalion of the Navy.

In 1866, the members of this battalion had to cover the garrisons of warships and fortifications on the ground. In such condition they all subsequently participated in all actions of the Naval War of the Pacific, displaying extraordinary courage and aggressiveness.

This war highlighted the Chilean Disembark in Pisagua, the first amphibious assault of the modern era. Amphibious operations were conducted on November 2, 1879, where the Chilean squadron provided escort and naval fire support, while the landing forces composed by 9,000 men landed in Caleta Pisagua and captured the position in a fast offensive action, taking only 4 hours. The Peruvian forces, after a strong initial resistance, were defeated due to the strong and sustained aggressiveness shown by the Chilean soldiers.

Since 1887, it functions as coastal artillery. Such a definition of the mission led to the updating of Organic Regulations of the Corps, which in 1938 was defined as Coastal defense.

Beginning in 1964, the Corps was completely reorganized and refocused, being renamed the Marine Corps and constituting a modern amphibious force which has continued to evolve in line with the requirements of the institution to have a real amphibious capacity and capable of contributing on projecting naval power over hostile territory

The other mission of the Marines is the protection, maintenance and monitoring of the naval facilities, the most famous being The Lions Gate with its security unit under the order and security detachment of the Marines in Talcahuano (main naval base Chile) is responsible for maintaining order and security inside the naval base and naval populations.

Organization

Amphibious expeditionary brigade.

The Chilean Marines are organized into two battalion-sized detachments (Destacamento de Infantería), two full-time battalions plus support units. As of 2013 they are now a full division-sized formation of 2 brigades plus independent units.

Expeditionary Amphibious Brigade

Formed recently, this brigade forms the amphibious component of the Corps with a mission to support the armed services in peacekeeping missions of in times of conflict and can do operations adaptable to any terrain possible. The brigade is headquartered in the Marine Corps bases in Concon and Talcahuano.

  • Brigade Headquarters'
  • Headquarters Company
  • 21st Marine Battalion "Miller"'
  • 31st Marine Battalion "Aldea"
  • 41st Marine Combat Support Battalion "Hurtado"'
  • 51st Marine Logistic Battalion

Protection Forces

The two remaining Marine Detachments plus smaller independent units form the Protection Forces of the Corps. Their duty is the protection of national territory and all naval bases and installations.

  • 1st Marine Detachment "Lynch" (Destacamento de Infantería de Marina Nº 1 Lynch), stationed at Fort Condell, Punta Gruesa south of Iquique (4th Naval Zone): Its main function is to provide artillery and coastal defense, with batteries of howitzers and Excalibur missiles. It depends directly on its respective Naval Zone, due to its border location.
  • 4th Marine Detachment "Cochrane"(Destacamento de Infantería de Marina Nº 4 "Cochrane"), located in Río de los Ciervos south of Punta Arenas (3rd Naval Zone): This Marine Detachment has similar characteristics to the 1st Marine Detachment because of its border location. It specialises in coastal defense and the use of artillery.

Other units

Each zone has a "Naval Detachment of Order and Security" (Destacamento de Orden y Seguridad in Spanish) that acts as base garrison unit and military police force. There are smaller detachments in remote areas like Puerto Williams and Isla de Pascua. The CIM also is responsible for the protection of the commander in chief of the Navy and contributes a section to the security of the facilities of the Ministry of Defense in Santiago. The corps also operates the Marine Infantry School "Commander Jaime Charles" together with the Naval Educational Command of the Navy, which fully owns and maintains the institution, and it is a part of the Naval Polytechnical Academy.

The Band Service of the Chilean Navy personnel are from the Marine Corps, particularly the military bands of the Naval School "Arturo Prat", the Seaman Training School "Alejandro Navarette Cisterna" and the Naval Polytechnic Academy. Like their counterparts in the British Royal Marines Band Service, they operate not just as headquarters bands for the 5 naval zones and 4 marine battalions, plus as in-house band for the Marine Infantry School and for the BE "Esmeralda", but also as bands for the naval educational institutions, even though in the naval bands sailors and officer/NCO cadets fill the ranks of the Corps of Drums which are attached to the bands and are composed of snare drums, fifes and bugles (in the marine bands soldiers of the Marines fill the Corps of Drums rosters). They all report to Headquarters, Chilean Marine Corps and are under the direct control of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. These bands date back to the mid 19th century when the Marine Artillery band was raised to provide musical support for the Navy.

The Marine Corps is also active in bomb disposal efforts as part of its international responsibilities.

Chilean Marines equipment

Amphibious warfare ships

LSDH Sargento Aldea of the Chilean Navy.
Aquiles (AP-41)
LST Rancagua
Vessel Pennant number Origin Type Class In service Notes
Sargento Aldea LSDH  France - Foudre class 1 -TCD Foudre L9011
Aquiles AP-41  Chile - - 1 -
Rancagua LST-92  Chile - BATRAL class 1 -
Chacabuco LST-95  Chile - BATRAL class 1 -
Elicura LSM-90  Chile - Elicura class 1 -

Vehicles

Name Type In service origin Note
FV101 ScorpionReconnaissance vehicle36 United Kingdom
Bandvagn 206tracked articulated, all-terrain carrier 40 Sweden
HMMWVLight Utility Vehicle100 United States
Petit Véhicule ProtégéLight Utility Vehicle20 France
KIA KM 250Military truck South Korea
KIA KM 420Light Utility Vehicle South Korea
KIA KM 450Off-road vehicle South Korea
KIA KM 421Ambulance South Korea

Artillery and Air-defense systems

Name Type In service origin Note
M-71Howitzer24[2] South Africa
KH-178Towed Howitzer16 South Korea
Excalibur BatteryAnti-ship missile system4 United KingdomUses Exocet MM-38
M252 mortarMortar (weapon) United Kingdom
Blowpipe (missile)Man-portable air-defense systems United Kingdom
Bofors 40 mmAnti-aircraft artillery Sweden
Oerlikon 20 mm cannonAnti-aircraft artillery  Switzerland

Infantry Weapons

Name Type caliber origin Note
SCAR-LAssault rifle5.56 mm BelgiumStandard assault rifle.
SCAR-HBattle rifle7.62 mm BelgiumStandard battle rifle.
M4 carbineAssault rifle5.56 mm United StatesSpecial Forces.
M82A1Anti-materiel rifle12.7 mm United States
Heckler & Koch MG4 Light machine gun5.56 mm Germany.
FAMAE SAFSubmachine gun9 mm Chile
Rheinmetall MG3General-purpose machine gun7.62 mm Germany
M60 machine gunGeneral-purpose machine gun7.62 mm United States
FN MinimiMedium machine gun7.62 mm Belgium7.62 NATO Version.[3]
AT4anti-tank weapon84 mm Sweden
M72 LAWanti-tank weapon66 mm United States
Mk 19 grenade launcherAutomatic grenade launcher40 mm United States
Milkor MGLGrenade launcher40 mm South Africa
Browning M2Heavy machine gun12.7 mm United States

Future Chilean marines acquisitions

Name Type In service origin Note
Eurocopter AS532 CougarTransport helicopter4 France4 up to 8 Units.
Amphibious Assault VehicleAmphibious vehicle18 United States
M1128 Mobile Gun SystemArmoured fighting vehicle- United States10 Units.
M1126 Infantry Carrier VehicleArmoured fighting vehicle- United States30 Units.

See also

References

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