Chrysoblephus puniceus

Chrysoblephus puniceus ('golden-eyed purple'), also known as the slinger seabream, is a species of sea bream from southern African waters, ranging from Zavora, Mozambique to Coffee Bay in the Eastern Cape, from the shallows to a depth of 130m.[1] Slingers are the only protogynous hermaphrodite in the Natal area,[3] with females becoming male at approximately 5 years[1] or 38 cm.[4] Subsequently, these now-male individuals can often grow to 55 cm in length.[5] In theory, this reproductive system leads to most offspring being fathered by just a few individuals, which would lead to decreased genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. However, comparisons with the ecologically similar (but gonochoric) santer sea bream indicate similar levels of genetic diversity and effective population size over historic timescales.[6]

Slinger sea bream
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Actinopterygii
Order:
Perciformes
Family:
Sparidae
Genus:
Chrysoblephus
Species:
C. puniceus
Binomial name
Chrysoblephus puniceus
(Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
Synonyms[2]
  • Chrysophrys puniceus Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908

It is an important commercial species, making up 25-50% of the total commercial catch in KwaZulu-Natal.[7] Because large individuals are targeted by commercial fishing, and the only males are large, there was growing concern that the stock could be wiped out in the early 1990s,[8] and indeed the stock was severely depleted by fishing by the late 1990s, but has since shown a 30% recovery in biomass.[9]

References
  1. Mann, B.Q.; Buxton, C.D.; Russell, B.; Pollard, D. & Carpenter, K.E. (2014). "Chrysoblephus puniceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170259A1303743. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170259A1303743.en.
  2. Froese, R. & D. Pauly (2016). Bailly N (ed.). "Chrysoblephus puniceus (Valenciennes, 1830)". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  3. Ashworth, Garratt, Patrick (1 January 1993). "Comparative aspects of the reproductive biology of seabreams (Pisces: Sparidae)". AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  4. Allsop, D.J. and S.A. West, 2003. Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish. J. Evol. Biol. 16(2003):921-929.
  5. Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome.
  6. Coscia, I; Chopelet, J; Waples, R S; Mann, B Q; Mariani, S (10 August 2016). "Sex change and effective population size: implications for population genetic studies in marine fish". Heredity. 117 (4): 251–258. doi:10.1038/hdy.2016.50. PMC 5026757. PMID 27507184.
  7. Mann, B.Q., Beckley, L.E. and R.P. van der Elst. 1997. Evaluation of linefishery participation and management along the KwaZulu-Natal coast. Oceanographic Research Institute Unpublished Report 134.
  8. Punt, A. E., Garratt, P. A., & Govender, A. (1993). On an approach for applying per-recruit methods to a protogynous hermaphrodite, with an illustration for the slinger Chrysoblephus puniceus (Pisces: Sparidae). South African Journal of Marine Science, 13(1), 109-119.
  9. Winker, H., Kerwath, S.E., and Attwood, C.G. 2012. Report on stock assessments of important South African linefish resources. In: Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Branch: Fisheries (eds), LSWG Report. Cape Town.
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