Cissampelos

Cissampelos is a genus of flowering plants in the family Menispermaceae. Various species of this genus have a rich history of traditional use in the treatment of asthma, cough, fever, arthritis, obesity, dysentery, snakebite, jaundice and heart problems, blood pressure and skin-related problems. Moreover, many of these plants were traditionally used as curare applied as arrow poison during hunting.[1]

Cissampelos
Cissampelos pareira illustration.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Menispermaceae
Genus: Cissampelos
L.
Species

19, including:
Cissampelos capensis
Cissampelos pareira
Cissampelos sympodialis

Cissampelos pareira is used in Chinese herbology, where it is called xí shēng téng (锡生藤) or (亞乎奴). The species is also known as abuta and is also called laghu patha in Ayurvedic medicine. An ethanol extract of Cissampelos sympodialis has been shown to have antidepressant-like effects in mice and rats.[2] The Maasai people of Kenya use Cissampelos mucronata as a forage for their cattle,[3] and the roots of it have been used to treat malaria and it has been reported to be used for relief of abdominal and rheumatic pains, as a febrifuge, as diuretic, for prevention of abortions, and against gonorrhea, leprosy, stomach pains, and whooping cough. A Tanzanian study showed that it does, in fact, have some antimalarial properties; the same article says that Cissampelos pareira is used in Madagascar as an antimalarial as well.[4]

Selected species

21 accepted species + 1 newly discovered species

  • Cissampelos andromorpha DC.
  • Cissampelos arenicola Ortiz RdC, MH Nee. 2014 New species[5]
  • Cissampelos capensis L.f.
  • Cissampelos fasciculata Benth.
  • Cissampelos friesiorum Diels
  • Cissampelos glaberrima A.St.-Hil.
  • Cissampelos grandifolia Triana & Planch.
  • Cissampelos hirta Klotzsch
  • Cissampelos hispida Forman
  • Cissampelos laxiflora Moldenke
  • Cissampelos mucronata A.Rich.
  • Cissampelos nepalensis Rhodes
  • Cissampelos nigrescens Diels
  • Cissampelos ovalifolia DC.
  • Cissampelos owariensis P.Beauv. ex DC.
  • Cissampelos pareira L.
  • Cissampelos rigidifolia (Engl.) Diels
  • Cissampelos sympodialis Eichler
  • Cissampelos tenuipes Engl.
  • Cissampelos torulosa E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond.
  • Cissampelos tropaeolifolia DC.
  • Cissampelos verticillata Rhodes

References
  1. Semwal, DK; Semwal, RB; Vermaak, I; Viljoen, A (2014). "From arrow poison to herbal medicine--the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological significance of Cissampelos (Menispermaceae)". J Ethnopharmacol. 155 (2): 1011–28. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.054. PMID 24997389.
  2. Almeida, R; Navarro, DS; De Assis, TS; De Medeiros, IA; Thomas, G (1998). "Antidepressant effect of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cissampelos sympodialis in rats and mice". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 63 (3): 247–252. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00086-5. PMID 10030729.
  3. Bussmann, R. W.; Gilbreath, Genevieve G; Solio, John; Lutura, Manja; Lutuluo, Rumpac; Kunguru, Kimaren; Wood, Nick; Mathenge, Simon G (2006). "Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya". J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2: 22. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-22. PMC 1475560. PMID 16674830.
  4. Gessler, M.C.; Nkunya, M.H.H; Mwasumbi, L.B.; Heinrich, M.; Tanner, M. (1994). "Screening Tanzanian medicinal plants for antimalarial activity". Acta Tropica. 56 (1): 65–77. doi:10.1016/0001-706X(94)90041-8. PMID 8203297.
  5. New Species of Sand-Dwelling Plant Discovered in Bolivia, Paraguay


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