Comet Ikeya–Seki

Comet Ikeya–Seki, formally designated C/1965 S1, 1965 VIII, and 1965f, was a long-period comet discovered independently by Kaoru Ikeya and Tsutomu Seki. First observed as a faint telescopic object on September 18, 1965, the first calculations of its orbit suggested that on October 21, it would pass just 450,000 km above the Sun's surface, and would probably become extremely bright.

There are two comets named Ikeya–Seki: C/1965 S1 (this one), and C/1967 Y1, a.k.a. 1968 I, 1967n.

C/1965 S1 (Ikeya–Seki)

Discovery
Discovered by	Kaoru Ikeya, and Tsutomu Seki
Discovery date	September 18, 1965
Alternative designations	Great Comet of 1965, 1965 VIII, 1965f
Orbital characteristics A
Epoch	October 7, 1965
Aphelion	183.192214 (A) and 207.40555533 (B) AU
Perihelion	0.007786 (A) and 0.007778 (B) AU
Semi-major axis	91.6000000 (A) and 103.7066667 (B) AU
Eccentricity	0.999915 (A) and 0.999925 (B)
Orbital period	876.7008 (A) and 1056.1320 (B) years
Inclination	141.8642°(A) and 141.861°(B)
Last perihelion	October 21, 1965

Comets can defy such predictions, but Ikeya–Seki performed as expected. As it approached perihelion observers reported that it was clearly visible in the daytime sky next to the Sun. In Japan, where it reached perihelion at local noon, it was seen shining at magnitude −10.[1] It proved to be one of the brightest comets seen in the last thousand years, and is sometimes known as the Great Comet of 1965.

The comet was seen to break into three pieces just before its perihelion passage. The three pieces continued in almost identical orbits, and the comet re-appeared in the morning sky in late October, showing a very bright tail. By early 1966, it had faded from view as it receded into the outer Solar System.

Ikeya–Seki is a member of the Kreutz sungrazers, which are suggested to be fragments of a large comet which broke up in 1106.