Corymborkis

Corymborkis, commonly known as cinnamon orchids,[2] or 管花兰属 (guan hua lan shu)[3] is a genus of eight species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen, terrestrial plants which grow in clumps and have thin roots, leafy stems, pleated leaves and widely-opening flowers with thin, spreading sepals and petals. They are widely distributed in the tropics.

Cinnamon orchids
Corymborkis flava
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Tropidieae
Genus: Corymborkis
Thouars[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Corymbis Thouars
  • Corymborchis Thouars ex Blume
  • Hysteria Reinw.
  • Macrostylis Breda
  • Rhynchandra Rchb.
  • Rynchanthera Blume
  • Tomotris Raf.

Description

Orchids in the genus Corymborkis are terrestrial, evergreen herbs which often grow in clumps and have short rhizomes and thin, wiry stems. One or more thin, unbranched stems arise from the same rhizome and have many papery, pleated, egg-shaped to elliptic leaves near their top half. A branching flowering stem develops from the upper leaf axils and carry crowded, widely-opening flowers. The flowers are greenish white and usually have thin, spreading sepals and petals which are similar to each other, with the petals slightly wider than the sepals. The labellum is about as long as the sepals, closely surrounds the column and has a tube-like base and two longitudinal ridges.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Corymborkis was first formally described in 1809 by Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars and the description was published in Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris.[1][6] The name Corymborkis is derived from the Ancient Greek words korymbos meaning "bunch of flowers or fruit"[7]:214 and orchis meaning "testicle" or "orchid",[7]:576 referring to the bunched flowers of these orchids.[5]

Distribution and habitat

Orchids in this genus are found in tropical Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea and Australia, including on Christmas Island. They usually grow in moist, shady places in rainforest.[2][5]

List of species

The following is a list of species of Corymborkis recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families as at August 2018:[1]

  • Corymborkis corymbis Thouars - Africa from Guinea to Ethiopia to South Africa; Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion
  • Corymborkis flava (Sw.) Kuntze - South America, Central America, Cuba, Jamaica
  • Corymborkis forcipigera (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) L.O.Williams - Mexico, Central America, West Indies, Colombia
  • Corymborkis galipanensis (Rchb.f.) Foldats - Venezuela
  • Corymborkis guyanensis Szlach. S.Nowak & Baranow - Guyana
  • Corymborkis harlingii Szlach. & Kolan - Colombia to Equador
  • Corymborkis minima P.J.Cribb - Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea
  • Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume - China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Queensland, Pacific Islands

References
  1. "Corymborkis". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 354. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. Chen, Xinqi; Gale, Stephan W.; Cribb, Phillip J. "Corymborkis". Flora of china. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  4. Hyde, Mark; Wursten, Bart; Ballings, Petra; Coates, Palgrave M. "Corymborkis". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  5. "Corymborkis". Trin keys. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  6. Petit-Thouars, Louis-Marie (1809). "Botanique". Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris. 1: 318. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  7. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
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