Cryptachaea

Cryptachaea is a genus of spiders in the Theridiidae (tangle web spider) family.

Cryptachaea
Female C. projectivulva
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Theridiidae
Genus: Cryptachaea
Archer, 1946
Type species
Theridion catapetraeum
Gertsch & Archer, 1942
Species

See text

Diversity
ca. 70 species
web of P. projectivulva

Taxonomy

Many species in this genus used to reside in Achaearanea, which received a major revision in 2008.[1] The genus was originally established as a subgenus of Theridion.[2]

Distribution

This is mostly a New World genus, with many species in South America. One species is cosmopolitan, one species occurs in the whole Palearctic, another only in China.[1] C. veruculata was introduced to Europe from New Zealand.

Name

The genus name is a combination of Achaea, the old name of the genus Achaearanea, and Ancient Greek κρυπτός "hidden". The genus is called Iwama-himegumo zoku in Japanese.[2]

Species
  • Cryptachaea acoreensis (Berland, 1932) — Cosmopolitan
  • Cryptachaea alacris (Keyserling, 1884) — Colombia, Venezuela
  • Cryptachaea altiventer (Keyserling, 1884) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea amazonas Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012[3]
  • Cryptachaea ambera (Levi, 1963) — USA
  • Cryptachaea analista (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea anastema (Levi, 1963) — Venezuela
  • Cryptachaea azteca (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) — Mexico
  • Cryptachaea banosensis (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
  • Cryptachaea barra (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea bellula (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea blattea (Urquhart, 1886) — cosmopolitan[4]
  • Cryptachaea caliensis (Levi, 1963) — Colombia, Ecuador
  • Cryptachaea canionis (Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929) — USA
  • Cryptachaea caqueza (Levi, 1963) — Colombia
  • Cryptachaea chilensis (Levi, 1963) — Chile
  • Cryptachaea chiricahua (Levi, 1955) — USA
  • Cryptachaea cinnabarina (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea diamantina (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea dromedariformis (Roewer, 1942) — Ecuador, Peru
  • Cryptachaea eramus (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea fresno (Levi, 1955) — USA
  • Cryptachaea gigantea (Keyserling, 1884) — Peru
  • Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) — Australia, New Zealand[5]
  • Cryptachaea hirta (Taczanowski, 1873) — Panama to Argentina
  • Cryptachaea ingijonathorum Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012[3]
  • Cryptachaea inops (Levi, 1963) — Brazil, Guyana
  • Cryptachaea insulsa (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936) — USA, Mexico
  • Cryptachaea isana (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea jequirituba (Levi, 1963) — Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
  • Cryptachaea kaspi (Levi, 1963) — Peru
  • Cryptachaea koepckei (Levi, 1963) — Peru
  • Cryptachaea lota (Levi, 1963) — Chile
  • Cryptachaea manzanillo (Levi, 1959) — Mexico
  • Cryptachaea maraca (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea maxima (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea meraukensis (Chrysanthus, 1963) — New Guinea
  • Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884) — Venezuela to Peru, Brazil
  • Cryptachaea milagro (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
  • Cryptachaea maldonado Buckup, Marques & Rodrigues, 2012[3]
  • Cryptachaea nayaritensis (Levi, 1959) — Mexico
  • Cryptachaea oblivia (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Costa Rica, Panama
  • Cryptachaea orana (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
  • Cryptachaea pallipera (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea parana (Levi, 1963) — Paraguay
  • Cryptachaea passiva (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea pilaton (Levi, 1963) — Ecuador
  • Cryptachaea pinguis (Keyserling, 1886) — Brazil, Uruguay
  • Cryptachaea porteri (Banks, 1896) — USA to Panama, West Indies
  • Cryptachaea projectivulva (Yoshida, 2001) — Japan
  • Cryptachaea pura (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) — Mexico
  • Cryptachaea pusillana (Roewer, 1942) — French Guiana
  • Cryptachaea pydanieli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea rafaeli (Buckup & Marques, 1991) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea rapa (Levi, 1963) — Paraguay
  • Cryptachaea rioensis (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834) — Palearctic
  • Cryptachaea rostra (Zhu & Zhang, 1992) — China
  • Cryptachaea rostrata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) — Mexico to Venezuela
  • Cryptachaea rupicola (Emerton, 1882) — USA, Canada
  • Cryptachaea schneirlai (Levi, 1959) — Panama
  • Cryptachaea schraderorum (Levi, 1959) — Costa Rica
  • Cryptachaea serenoae (Gertsch & Archer, 1942) — USA
  • Cryptachaea sicki (Levi, 1963) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea taeniata (Keyserling, 1884) — Guatemala to Peru
  • Cryptachaea tovarensis (Levi, 1963) — Venezuela
  • Cryptachaea trinidensis (Levi, 1959) — Trinidad, Peru
  • Cryptachaea uviana (Levi, 1963) — Peru
  • Cryptachaea veruculata (Urquhart, 1886) — Australia, New Zealand, England, Belgium
  • Cryptachaea vivida (Keyserling, 1891) — Brazil
  • Cryptachaea zonensis (Levi, 1959) — Panama to Peru, Brazil

Notes
  1. Platnick 2009
  2. Yoshida 2008
  3. Buckup, E.H.; Marques, M.A.L.; Rodrigues, E.N.L. 2012: Três novas espécies sul-americanas de Cryptachaea e acréscimos taxonômicos em Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae) [Three new South American species of Cryptachaea and taxonomic additions in Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae).] Iheringia série zoologia, 102(2): 206-211. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212012000200013
  4. Vink, C.J.; Dupérré, N.; Paquin, P.; Fitzgerald, B.M.; Sirvid, P.J. 2009: The cosmopolitan spider Cryptachaea blattea (Urquhart 1886) (Araneae: Theridiidae): redescription, including COI sequence, and new synonymy. Zootaxa, 2133: 55-63. Abstract & excerpt
  5. Smith, H.M.; Vink, C.J.; Fitzgerald, B.M.; Sirvid, P.J. 2012: Redescription and generic placement of the spider Cryptachaea gigantipes (Keyserling, 1890) (Araneae: Theridiidae) and notes on related synanthropic species in Australasia. Zootaxa, 3507: 38-56. Preview PDF

References
  • Yoshida, Hajime (2008): A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica 57(1): 37-40. PDF
  • Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.


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