Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski

Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski (9 July 1885 - 20 April 1940) was an aristocratic Polish landowner and wine producer. Following the German and Soviet invasions of Poland in September 1939 the Czarkowski-Golejewskis were thrown out of their home at Wysuczka.[1] In April 1940 Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski became a victim of the Katyn massacre.[2]

Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski (1885-1940)

Life

Provenance and early years

Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski was born at Lviv which before 1939 was part of Poland.[3] His father, Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski (1850-1945) was also a land owner: Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski had, in addition, become involved in politics, serving as a member of the Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria between 1908 and 1913, during the time when the entire region was still part of the Austrian empire.[4] His mother, born Marii Zaleskiej (1862-1893), also had an aristocratic background.[3] Cyryl's younger brother, Wiktor Czarkowski-Golejewski, was a cavalry officer who in 1940 also fell victim to the Katyn massacre.[5]

Viticulture

In 1903 he graduated from the presitious Wincenty Pol state secondary school[lower-alpha 1] at Ternopil, obtaining high marks in his school final exams. His father now entrusted him with management of the family estates at Wysuczka in the hill country south of Ternopil, and at that time still in the Austrian province of Galicia.[6][7][8] Here he ran a vineyard which, at approximately 30 hectares, was the largest in the so-called eastern borderlands of what became, after 1918 the Polish Republic.[9] By the time the Polish Republic met its end the Wysuczka winery was one of just two such enterprises in the entire country.[10]

Connections

During the 1920s and 1930s Czarkowski-Golejewski played an active role in the local business community and more widely. Along with his family estates, he owned land and properties in the adjacent village of Wołkowce.[11] He was a member of the Arab Horse-breeding Association in Poland.[12] A dedicated countryman, in 1927 he published his book entitled (loosely) "Memories of Rutting Country"[lower-alpha 2] which contained personal narratives involving hunting adventures between 1904 and 1919.[13] During the 1930s he served as president of the Podolsko-Pokuckiego orchard holders' association.[lower-alpha 3][14]

War and murder

War came to eastern Poland with the Soviet invasion of 17 September 1939.[15] Czarkowski-Golejewski was arrested on his estate at Wysuczka by officers of the Soviet security service on 21 September 1939. His younger brother had already been arrested four days earlier.[16] He was one of those detained in the camp at Kozelsk.[2][17] There remains a lack of precision over the dating of the massacres grouped together in sources and defined collectively as the Katyn massacre, but the operation is believed to have been approved by the Soviet party politburo in March 1940. Of those killed, approximartely 8,000 were officers imprisoned during the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, another 6,000 were police officers, and the remaining 8,000 were Polish intelligentsia the Soviets deemed to be "intelligence agents, gendarmes, landowners, saboteurs, factory owners, lawyers, officials, and priests".[18] Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski and his younger brother were among those killed. Their names are among the 3,435 included on the so-called Ukrainian Katyn List dated 25 November 1940 and forwarded to Poland's then deputy Prosecutor General, Stefan Śnieżko, by General Andrija Chomicza, a senior member of the Ukraine security service, on 5 May 1994.[2][5][19] Physical remains of Katyn massacre victims are believed to be among those buried at the unmarked mass grave site known as the Bykivnia graves, a short distance from the centre of Kyiv."[20]

Personal

Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski married Izabela Jaxa-Małachowska (1885 - 1958) at Stryjówka on 15 August 1908.[21] Their marriage was followed by the births of their six recorded children:

Notes
  1. "I Państwowe Liceum i Gimnazjum im. Wincentego Pola w Tarnopolu"
  2. "Wspomnienia z rykowisk"
  3. "Podolsko-Pokuckiego Związku Posiadaczy Sadów"

Media related to Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski at Wikimedia Commons

References
  1. Prof. Waldemar Łazuga, kierownik Zakładu Myśli i Kultury Politycznej Instytutu Historii UAM (6 April 2018). "Prof. Łazuga o niesamowitej hrabinie - podwójnym szpiegu z Poznania. "Piękna kobieta o 'aryjskiej' urodzie"". Fundacja Agory, Warszawa. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  2. "Ukraińska Lista Katyńska" (PDF). 3188. Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa. 1994. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  3. Marek Jerzy Minakowski (compiler). "Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski h. Awdaniec". Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  4. Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski (1905). "Pamiętnik Tadeusza Czarkowskiego-Golejewskiego pierwszego ordynata na Wysuczce. Poświęcony dzieciom i wnukom oraz najbliższej rodzinie". Drukarnia P. Seidmana, Borszczów. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  5. "Ukraińska Lista Katyńska" (PDF). 3187. Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa. 1994. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  6. "Wysuczka". Wszystkie prawa zastrzeżone, Kraków. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  7. "Ogłoszenia urzędowe. Licytacje". Gazeta Lwowska. 26 January 1936. p. 4. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  8. "Ogłoszenia urzędowe. Licytacje". Gazeta Lwowska. 3 June 1936. p. 4. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  9. Dariusz Chajewski (author); Przemysław Karwowski (interviewee) (1 November 2016). "Aromatycznej, własnej roboty wino o kresowym aromacie". - I dlatego dziś wszystkim powtarzam, że w Zielonej Górze możemy śmiało mówić, że na naszych winnych wzgórzach spotkały się dwie tradycje winiarskie - ta miejscowa, poniemiecka i polska, kresowa ... Gazeta Lwowska. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  10. Dariusz Chajewski (24 March 2015). "Zaleszczyki – Wino o kresowym aromacie". Gazeta Lwowska. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  11. "30. Komunikat". Tarnopolski Dziennik Wojewódzki, Urząd Wojewódzki w Tarnopolu. 1 December 1928. p. 16. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  12. "Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski". Encyklopedia. Polski Serwis Naukowy. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  13. Czarkowski-Golejewski Cyryl (1927). Wspomnienia z rykowisk.
  14. Beata Zubowicz (29 September 2017). "Winne dożynki w Zaleszczykach (1)". Historia. TVP. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  15. "Kampania Wrześniowa 1939". PWN. Archived from the original on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  16. Mariusz Nowak (2006). ".... Footnote 55". Polityka władz radzieckich wobec środowiskaarystokratycznego w okresie podboju ziemwschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej (IX - X 1939 r.). p. 49. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  17. Beata Zubowicz (24 October 2017). "Winne dożynki w Zaleszczykach (2)". Historia ... „Największą ilość przyjezdnych skupia doroczny obchód winobrania, rozpoczynający się z końcem września. Tysiące gości zjeżdża wtedy do Zaleszczyk” – pisał autor przedwojennego przewodnika turystycznego, zachęcając do przyjazdu do „letniej stolicy Polski”. TVP. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  18. Kużniar-Plota, Małgorzata (30 November 2004). "Decision to commence investigation into Katyn Massacre". Departmental Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  19. "Sylwetki znane lub zapomniane". Księgi cmentarne : Katyń, Charków, Miednoje i Bykownia. Stowarzyszenie Labiryntarium. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  20. Cheko, Polish Press Agency (September 2007). "Odkryto grzebień z nazwiskami Polaków pochowanych w Bykowni". Gazeta Wyborcza (in Polish) (21 September 2007). Archived from the original on 2012-12-21. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  21. Marek Jerzy Minakowski (compiler). "Izabela Jaxa-Małachowska z Małachowa h. Gryf". Retrieved 31 January 2020.
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