Decentralized network 42

Decentralized network 42 (also known as dn42) is a decentralized peer-to-peer network built using VPNs and software/hardware BGP routers.

While other darknets try to establish anonymity for their participants, that is not what dn42 aims for. It is a network to explore routing technologies used in the Internet and tries to establish direct non-NAT-ed connections between the members.

The network is not fully meshed. dn42 uses mostly tunnels instead of physical links between the individual networks. Each participant is connected to one or more other participants.[1] Over the VPN or the physical links, BGP is used for inter AS routing. While OSPF is the most commonly used protocol for intra AS routing, each participant is free to choose any other IGP for their AS.

Technical setup

Address space

Network address space for IPv4 consists of private subnets: 172.20.0.0/14 is the main subnet.[2] Note that other private address ranges may also be announced in dn42, as the network is interconnected with other similar projects. Most notably, ChaosVPN uses 172.31.0.0/16 and parts of 10.0.0.0/8 [3] and ICVPN uses 10.0.0.0/8. [4]

For IPv6, Unique Local Address (ULA, the IPv6 equivalent of private address range) are used.[2] While some participants also announce Globally routable addresses, these announcements are only accepted by a small subset of dn42.

AS numbers

In order to use BGP, even in a private environment, Autonomous System Numbers are needed. dn42 uses several private or reserved AS numbers ranges, including 64512 to 64855 and 76100 to 76199.[5] Since June 2014, dn42 is now using a new private range, 4242420000 to 4242429999,[6] part of larger private range defined by RFC 6996.

BGP routers

While some participants use hardware routers, most participants use general purpose servers or virtual machines to lower their cost. The most commonly used BGP implementation used in dn42 are BIRD and Quagga, but some participants use OpenBGPD, XORP or the implementation of JunOS or Cisco IOS.[7]

Dn42 TLD

Websites and services hosted on the Dn42 network often use the dn42 top-level domain. The dn42 tld is not an official IANA, it is handled through the dn42 registry. Internal anycast servers for dn42 are found at 172.20.0.53, 172.23.0.53, and fd42:d42:d42:54::1, fd42:d42:d42:53::1.



References
  1. "Real-time dn42 network map". Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  2. "dn42 address space". Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  3. "ChaosVPN IP ranges". Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  4. "ICVPN IP ranges". Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  5. "Frequently Asked Questions". Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  6. "AS numbers". Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  7. "What BGP daemon should I use?". Retrieved 22 April 2018.
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