Deciates

The Deciates (Δεκιήταις) were a Ligurian tribe dwelling near on the Mediterranean coast, near present-day Antibes, during the Iron Age and the Roman era.

According to historian Guy Barruol, they were part of the Saluvian confederation.[1][2]

Name

They are mentioned as Dekiḗtais (Δεκιήταις) by Polybius (2nd c. BC),[3] and as Dekiatíōn (Δεκιατίων) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD).[4][5] A regio Deciatium is also attested by Pliny (1st c. AD),[6] and an oppidum Deciatum is documented by Pomponius Mela (mid-1st c. AD).[7][5]

The meaning of the name Deciates remains obscure. According to Javier de Hoz, an Indo-European etymology from the root *dek̑- is possible, and the suffix -ates may be evidence of a Celtic transmission, "but the whole name does not seem to be Celtic."[8]

Geography

The Deciates dwelled on the Mediterranean coast, west of the river Loup, around the Massaliote colony of Antipolis (modern Antibes).[9][10] Their territory was located south of the Nerusii, southeast of the Ligauni, and either east or west of the Oxybii.[11][12]

The exact location of the oppidum Deciatum (or Dekieton) remains uncertain.[13] It is possible that it was not a separate place between Nicaea and Antipolis, but simply a name for Antipolis itself.[11]

The coastal Greek colony of Antipolis (modern Antibes), founded in their territory in the mid-3rd century BC, was probably a graecization of the name given by the Ligurians to the place, despite the literal Greek meaning of 'city opposite'.[14] This does not necessarily imply that it had been the main centre of the Deciates, and Barruol has proposed to identify the site of Grasse as their chief town.[15]

History

In 154 BC, the Ligurians besieged the Massaliote colonies of Nicaea (Nice) and Antipolis. Upon a request from Massalia, and after a Roman legate Flaminius had been injured by the Oxybii, the Roman Senate sent the consul Quintus Opimius to pacify the region. The latter defeated the Deciates and the Oxybii at Aegitna, then handed over a great part of their territory to Massalia.[16][17]

The Decietae now arrived in full force, thinking that they would take part in the battle side by side with the Oxybii, but arriving after all was over, received the fugitives into their ranks; they shortly afterward attacked the Romans with great spirit and resolution, but when worsted in the fight at once unconditionally surrendered themselves and their city. Opimius having overcome these tribes added as much of their territory as he thought fit to that of Marseilles, and compelled the Ligurians to give the Massaliots in future hostages for certain periods.

— Polybius 2010. Historíai, 39:10.

References
  1. Barruol 1969, p. 188.
  2. Rivet 1988, p. 16.
  3. Polybius. Historíai, 33.8.
  4. Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2.10.5.
  5. Falileyev 2010, s.v. Deciates.
  6. Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 3.35.
  7. Pomponius Mela. De situ orbis, 2.5.76.
  8. de Hoz 2005, pp. 178, 181.
  9. Barruol 1969, pp. 215–217.
  10. Rivet 1988, pp. 34–35, 240.
  11. Rivet 1988, pp. 34–35.
  12. Talbert 2000, Map 16: Col. Forum Iulii-Albingaunum.
  13. Salomone Gaggero 2006.
  14. Rivet 1988, p. 239.
  15. Barruol 1969, p. 216.
  16. Dyson 1985, pp. 147–148.
  17. Rivet 1988, pp. 32–33.

Primary sources
  • Polybius (2010). The Histories. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W. R.; Walbank, F. W.; Habicht, Christian. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-99637-3.

Bibliography
  • Barruol, Guy (1969). Les Peuples préromains du Sud-Est de la Gaule: étude de géographie historique. E. de Boccard. OCLC 3279201.
  • de Hoz, Javier (2005). "Ptolemy and the linguistic history of the Narbonensis". In de Hoz, Javier; Luján, Eugenio R.; Sims-Williams, Patrick (eds.). New approaches to Celtic place-names in Ptolemy’s Geography. Ediciones Clásicas. pp. 173–188. ISBN 978-8478825721.
  • Dyson, Stephen L. (1985). The Creation of the Roman Frontier. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-5489-9.
  • Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
  • Rivet, A. L. F. (1988). Gallia Narbonensis: With a Chapter on Alpes Maritimae : Southern France in Roman Times. Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-5860-2.
  • Salomone Gaggero, Eleonora (2006). "Deciates". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e312080.
  • Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691031699.

Further reading
  • Cosson, Pierre (1995) Civitas Antipolitana: Histoire du Municipe Romain d'Antipolis.Nice, Serre Editeur. ISBN 2-86410-219-6
  • Pliny the Elder, Chorographia, II.69
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