Deep Red

Deep Red (Italian: Profondo rosso), also known as The Hatchet Murders, is a 1975 Italian giallo film directed by Dario Argento and co-written by Argento and Bernardino Zapponi. It stars David Hemmings as a musician who investigates a series of murders performed by a mysterious figure wearing black leather gloves. The cast also stars Daria Nicolodi (Argento's then-wife), Gabriele Lavia, Macha Meril, and Clara Calamai. The film's score was composed and performed by Goblin, the first in a long-running collaboration with Argento.

This article is about the Italian giallo film. For the American TV film, see Deep Red (1994 film). For the song, see Apoptygma Berzerk discography § Singles.
Deep Red
Italian film poster
ItalianProfondo rosso
Directed byDario Argento
Produced bySalvatore Argento
Written by
Starring
Music by
CinematographyLuigi Kuveiller
Edited byFranco Fraticelli
Production
company
Distributed byCineriz
Release date
7 March 1975 (Italy)
Running time
126 minutes
CountryItaly
Box office₤3,709 billion (Italy)
$629,903 (United States)

The film was released during the height of the "giallo craze" of Italian popular cinema, and was a critical and commercial success. Retrospective reviews have been equally positive, and the film is considered one of the genre's definitive entries, as well as one of Argento's best works.

Plot

In silhouette against the wall of a living room, one figure stabs another to death. A bloody knife falls to the floor at a child's feet.

20 years later in Turin, Professor Giordani chairs a parapsychology conference featuring psychic medium Helga Ulmann. Helga is suddenly overwhelmed by the "twisted, perverted, murderous" thoughts of someone in the audience. After the lecture, Helga tells Giordani she also heard a child's song during the psychic link. She believes she can identify the person she sensed; in the shadows, someone watches them.

That night, a black-gloved figure invades Helga's apartment and kills her with a meat cleaver. Jazz musician Marcus Daly sees the attack from below and rushes to her apartment, finding her mutilated corpse. After the police arrive, Marcus thinks one of the apartment's paintings has disappeared, but he cannot pinpoint what is missing.

Reporter Gianna Brezzi arrives and photographs Marcus. Outside, Marcus encounters his alcoholic friend Carlo, who he helps get home. The next morning he visits Carlo's home to check on him but only finds Carlo's eccentric mother Martha, who seems interested in Marcus.

The media identifies Marcus as the eyewitness and shows Gianna's photo of him. That night, someone plays a recording of a child's song outside his door; Marcus manages to lock the door before the person can enter, but he hears the gruff whisper "I'll kill you sooner or later." Marcus tells Giordani, whom he met at Helga's funeral, about the encounter. Giordani, noting that Helga also heard a child's song, recalls a book of modern folklore describing a local haunted house where a child's song is sometimes heard. Gianna begins helping Marcus because she feels guilty for taking his photo.

Marcus reads the folklore book and finds a photo of the house in it. He rips out the picture, planning to learn more from the book's author. However, the killer has been watching Marcus and brutally murders the author before Marcus can speak to her. Using the photo, Marcus finds and investigates the huge abandoned house. Under sheetrock he uncovers a disturbing mural: a child holding a bloody knife over a dead body.

Giordani, who has been assisting Marcus's investigation, is murdered that night after the black-gloved killer distracts him with a disturbing mechanized doll.

Meanwhile, Marcus finds a walled-off room in the abandoned house. In the middle of the dusty floor sits a desiccated corpse. Someone knocks Marcus unconscious as he backs away in horror.

Villa Scott, "The House of the Screaming Child" in the film.

Marcus awakens outside the house, which is burning. Gianna appears, explaining that she got his message about investigating the house and arrived in time to save him. As Marcus and Gianna wait at the caretaker's house for the police, Marcus notices that the caretaker's daughter has drawn a picture identical to the hidden mural he found in the house. She tells him she saw the picture in the archives of the local school.

Marcus and Gianna immediately go to the school. Marcus finds the drawing in a student's record. When Gianna leaves to call the police, someone stabs her. Marcus corners the attacker-- it is Carlo, who as a student drew the disturbing pictures. The police arrive and Carlo flees into the dark street where a truck hits and kills him.

At the hospital, Marcus learns that Gianna has survived. Believing that Carlo did not kill Helga, Marcus reinvestigates the apartment crime scene. There, he has an epiphany: the night of Helga's murder it was not a missing painting he sensed, but a missing reflection-- specifically, Marcus saw the killer's reflection when he first entered the apartment. As Marcus realizes he saw Martha, Carlo's mother, she appears behind him with a meat cleaver. Martha explains that she murdered her husband in front of the young Carlo as a child's song played (the events depicted in the first scene), then walled off the room containing his body. Carlo, scarred psychologically, did not kill anyone: he attacked Marcus and Gianna to protect his murderous mother from their investigation.

Martha attacks. As they struggle, her necklace tangles in the bars of the building's elevator. Marcus sends the elevator down, slowly decapitating Martha. He stares into the deep red pool of her blood as the credits roll.

Cast

Background

Deep Red represented Argento's return to the horror genre after an attempted breakaway with the historical dramedy The Five Days (1974). It was his last giallo film before Tenebre (1982), which was produced years after the genre's heyday.

The film was also his first collaboration with actress Daria Nicolodi, whom he was married to at the time, and progressive rock band Goblin, who composed and performed the film score. Argento would collaborate with Nicolodi five more times, and Goblin or its frontman Claudio Simonetti ten more times. Nicolodi would also co-write the screenplay for Suspiria.

Production
The Teatro Carignano, where the film's opening scene takes place.

The film was shot mainly on-location in Turin in sixteen weeks. Additional scenes were shot in Rome and Perugia. Argento chose Turin because at the time there were more practising Satanists there than in any other European city, excluding Lyon.[1] He had previously shot parts of The Cat o' Nine Tails (1971) in the city.[2][3] Filming locations included Santa Costanza Church and Teatro Carignano. Argento would later revisit Carignano 25 years later in Sleepless (2001).[4] The "House of the Screaming Child" was Villa Scott, a historical villa owned at the time by a convent of nuns and operated as a boarding school.[5]

Argento's original working title for the film was La Tigre dei Denti a Sciabola (The Sabre-Toothed Tiger), matching the "animal" motif of his previous gialli.[6]

Co-writer Bernardino Zapponi said the inspiration for the murder scenes came from him and Argento thinking of painful injuries to which the audience could relate, as the pain of being stabbed or shot is outside the experience of most viewers. Their original screenplay ran approximately 500 pages, but after it was deemed unfilmable, Argento shortened it to 321. The use of a psychic medium originated from an early draft of Four Flies on Grey Velvet (1971).

The close-up shots of the killer's hands, clad in black leather gloves, were performed by director Dario Argento himself. Argento was convinced that having all the killing scenes performed by himself would be quicker and easier than teaching the moves to an actor, who would require endless re-takes to perform everything to the director's satisfaction. The film's special effects, which include several mechanically operated heads and body parts, were created and executed by Carlo Rambaldi.

As was common in Italian filmmaking at the time, Deep Red was shot without sync sound, and all dialogue was dubbed in post-production. The screenplay was written in both Italian and English, all actors except for Clara Calamai spoke in English. The Italian dub cast included Isa Bellini (Calamai), Wanda Tettoni (Del Balzo), and Corrado Gaipa (Meniconi). The English dub was handled by Titra Studios, the dub cast included Cyril Cusack, Ted Rusoff, Carolyn De Fonseca, Geoffrey Copleston, Michael Forest, and Edward Mannix. David Hemmings dubbed himself.

Release

Deep Red was released in Milan and Rome in Italy on 7 March 1975.[7] In the United States, the film first premiered in New York City on 9 June 1976 and saw a wide theatrical release on 11 June 1976 by the defunct US independent film distributor Howard Mahler Films. The film was once again re-released and re-titled in the US on 18 January 1980, as The Hatchet Murders.

Critical reception

From retrospective reviews, Kim Newman wrote in the Monthly Film Bulletin that Deep Red was a transitional work for Argento between his earlier whodunit plots and the more supernatural themed films.[8] Newman concluded that Deep Red is "nothing if not an elaborate mechanism, with the camera crawling among objets trouvés" and "what sets Argento apart from imitators like Lucio Fulci is his combination of genuine pain (the murders are as nasty as one could wish, but the camera flinches where Fulci's would linger) and self-mocking humour"[8] Total Film gave the film four stars out of five, noting that Argento's films "can be an acquired taste; it’s necessary to attune yourself with the horror director’s style in order to get the most from his movies."[9] The review stated that the film "presents some striking visual compositions that raise it above the level of the usual subgenre offerings." and that the film was "A great introduction to Dario Argento’s evolving style of horror".[9] The A.V. Club wrote, "Operating under the principle that a moving camera is always better than a static one – and not above throwing in a terrifying evil doll – Deep Red showcases the technical bravado and loopy shock tactics that made Argento famous."[10] AllMovie compared the film to other in Argento's work, noting that the film script was "significantly stronger and the actors much better"[11] AllMovie noted that "Each of the murders is perfectly choreographed with particular praise going to Glauco Mauri's killing" and that "The final reel wraps the film up in a thrilling manner and features two extremely graphic deaths that leave the viewer stunned as the credits roll"[11]

In a contemporary review, Vincent Canby wrote in The New York Times referred to the film as a "bucket of ax-murder-movie cliches" and referred to Dario Argento as "a director of incomparable incompetence."[12]

The film currently holds a 96% approval rating on review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 24 reviews with an average rating of 8.3/10. The site's consensus reads: "The kinetic camerawork and brutal over-the-top gore that made Dario Argento famous is on full display, but the addition of a compelling, complex story makes Deep Red a masterpiece."[13] On Metacritic, the film currently has a weighted average score of 89 out of 100 based on 7 critic reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[14]

Home video

Multiple versions of the film exist on DVD and VHS, in large part due to the fact that Argento removed twenty-six minutes (largely scenes between Nicolodi and Hemmings) from the film, footage that was never dubbed in English. For years, it was assumed that the film's American distributors were responsible for removing said scenes, but the recent Blu-ray release confirmed that Argento oversaw and approved the edits to the film.

Eleven seconds of animal cruelty cuts made to the film by the BBFC in 1993 were waived when the film was re-submitted in 2010.

In 1999, Anchor Bay acquired the rights to release the film uncut on both DVD and VHS. Their version restored the missing footage but kept the American end credit scene (a freeze-frame shot of Hemmings looking down into a pool of blood). As there were no dubbed versions of the missing scenes, the scenes (and additional dialogue omitted in the dubbed version) were featured in their original Italian language. The DVD offered both English and Italian audio tracks as well.

Blue Underground obtained the rights to the film in 2008 and released it as a standard DVD. Their Blu-ray release, released in 2011, contains the US version of the film (which is referred to as "The Director's Cut") and the original edit (referred to as "Uncut" and contains option to watch it in either language).

Arrow Films, a distributor of the United Kingdom, acquired the rights to the film and released it on January 3, 2011. The 2-disc set was released uncut as part of the now out-of-print window slip cover sets which released a number of films by Argento and other directors; it contained several special features including interviews, a documentary, trailers, audio commentary, four cover artwork designs, an exclusive collector's booklet written by Alan Jones on the film, and a double-sided poster. Both the director's cut and the theatrical cut are available on the set with an English and Italian audio track, and English subtitles.[15] On January 25, 2016, Arrow Films released Deep Red in a 3-disc Limited Edition set of 3000 copies. The edition is available in new 4K restoration, with new commissioned artwork exclusive from Arrow Films. The original version of the film, as well as US cut are available, with new special features including a soundtrack CD featuring 28 tracks, 6 lobby cards, double-sided poster, reversible sleeve, and a limited edition booklet written by Mikel J. Koven. Bonus features from the previous edition are also included.[16] A standard version of the Limited Edition was released on May 30, 2016 in a single-disc set and contains only the director's cut/original version. Special features from the edition are available.[17]

On November 6, 2013, Australian distributor, Umbrella Entertainment made the film available with both the director's cut and the theatrical cut included.[18]

Soundtrack
Main article: Profondo Rosso (soundtrack)

Argento originally contacted jazz pianist and composer Giorgio Gaslini to score the film; however, he was unhappy with Gaslini's output. After failing to get Pink Floyd to replace Gaslini, Argento turned back to Italy and found Goblin, a local progressive rock band. Their leader Claudio Simonetti impressed Argento by producing two compositions within just one night. Argento signed them immediately, and they ended up composing most of the film's musical score[1] (three Gaslini compositions were retained in the final version). Subsequently, Goblin composed music for several other films by Dario Argento.

The soundtrack was made available for the first time ever on vinyl after Waxwork Records released the complete score by Goblin on a triple LP. In addition to Goblin's music, the LP also included instrumental and alternate tracks by Gaslini.[19]

Legacy

Two key sequences in this film influenced directors of later horror movies: the lead-up to the famous exploding head scene in David Cronenberg's Scanners is modeled after the parapsychology discussion at the beginning of Deep Red, and Rick Rosenthal's Halloween II contains a scalding water death inspired by the death of Giuliana Calandra's character Amanda Righetti here.[20]

The film's title, Profondo Rosso, is the name of a Rome horror memorabilia store owned and operated by Argento and Luigi Cozzi.

Unproduced remake

In 2010, George A. Romero was contacted by Claudio Argento to direct a 3D remake of Deep Red, which Claudio said would also involve Dario. Romero showed some interest in the film; however, after contacting Dario – who said he knew nothing about the remake – Romero declined Claudio's offer.[21]

Stage adaptation

In 2007, Argento directed a musical theatre adaptation of Deep Red with music by Claudio Simonetti.[22][23] The role of Marcus was played by Michel Altieri.

Alternate versions
  • The original Italian version is 126 minutes long. Most US versions remove 22 minutes' worth of footage, including the most graphic violence, all humorous scenes, almost all of the romantic scenes between David Hemmings and Daria Nicolodi, and part of the subplot regarding the house of the screaming child.
  • The US video release by Anchor Bay Entertainment is mostly restored, reinstating gore shots and scenes with dialogue that were cut from the initial US release. It was likely that these scenes were cut before the English dub was prepared, so they now only exist with an Italian dub (English subtitles are provided for these scenes). In the original theatrical version, the end credits are displayed over a shot of Marcus' reflection in a pool of blood. The image is moving (blood drips into the pool, Hemmings' face changes expression, etc.) while the credits are displayed. Anchor Bay's release features the credits over a freeze-frame of the original shot. Other than this change, the Anchor Bay VHS/DVD is the full, uncut version of the film.
  • The later DVD release from Blue Underground is the exact version mentioned above. Also, Blue Underground released an "Uncensored English Version" on DVD on 17 May 2011. This cut of the film runs no more than 105 minutes, with the gore from the original Italian version intact but the other cuts from the edited English version again excised.[24]
  • The film had no UK theatrical release. The 1993 Redemption video was cut by 11 seconds to remove a brief scene of two dogs fighting and shots of a live lizard impaled with a pin. The 2005 Platinum DVD issue was pre-cut (to exclude the shot of the lizard) and restored the dog sequence (as it was evident that they were playing rather than fighting). It was finally passed uncut for the 2010 Arrow DVD release.
  • The full-length Italian version (with English subtitles and one small cut by UK censors) is available on video in the UK in pan and scan format from Redemption Films. The only known widescreen print of this version can be found in Australia on both SBS TV and its pay-TV channel World Movies, completely uncut. (Note that the widescreen laserdisc release is in English language and was cut by director Argento himself by about 12 minutes).
  • Some releases of the film incorporate a still from the film, revealing the murderer.

See also

References
  1. Deep Red (Danish 2008 2-disc DVD).
  2. Mahlberg, Jarno (2012-06-30). "The Cinescapader: Visiting Filming Locations of "The Cat o' Nine Tails" (1971) in Turin, Italy". The Cinescapader. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  3. "THE CAT O'NINE TAILS (1971) • Frame Rated". Frame Rated. 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  4. www.davinotti.com https://www.davinotti.com/articoli/le-location-esatte-e-aneddoti-da-non-ho-sonno/338. Retrieved 2020-12-30. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. "Dal Tramonto All'Alba: Il nuovo Portale Del Mistero Italiano- paranormale, misteri, criptozoologia, luoghi misteriosi". web.archive.org. 2016-04-01. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  6. Luther-Smith,Adrian (1999). Blood and Black Lace: The Definitive Guide to Italian Sex and Horror Movies. Stray Cat Publishing Ltd. p. 36
  7. Gallant, Chris (2000). Art of Darkness: The Cinema of Dario Argento. Fab Press. p. 279. ISBN 1903254078.
  8. Newman, Kim (1984). "Profondo Rosso (Deep Red)". Monthly Film Bulletin. Vol. 51 no. 600. London: British Film Institute. pp. 349–350. ISSN 0027-0407.
  9. "Deep Red". Total Film. March 8, 2011. Archived from the original on March 10, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  10. Phipps, Keith (29 March 2002). "Deep Red | DVD | HomeVideo Review | The A.V. Club". avclub.com. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  11. Legare, Patrick. "Deep Red (1975) – Trailers, Reviews, Synopsis, Showtimes and Cast – AllMovie". AllMovie. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  12. Canby, Vincent (June 10, 1976). "'Deep Red' is a Bucket of Ax-Murder Cliches". The New York Times. p. 58.
  13. Deep Red at Rotten Tomatoes
  14. Deep Red at Metacritic
  15. "Deep Red Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  16. "Deep Red Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  17. "Deep Red Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  18. "Deep Red Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  19. Evangelista, Chris (5 September 2018). "Waxwork Records Releasing Three Great Dario Argento Soundtracks on Vinyl". /film. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  20. Botelho, Derek (2014). The Argento Syndrome. BearManor Media. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-1-59393-567-2.
  21. "George A. Romero Offers More Living Dead Updates, Comments on Deep Red Remake". Dread Central. 23 August 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  22. "Profondo Rosso musical Dario Argento Michel Altieri". web.archive.org. 2018-01-21. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  23. "Tgcom - "Profondo Rosso", brividi in musica". web.archive.org. 2010-01-07. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  24. "DEEP RED (Uncensored English Version)". Blue Underground. Retrieved 2014-08-26.
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