Demolition waste
Demolition waste is waste debris from destruction of buildings, roads, bridges, or other structures.[1] Debris varies in composition, but the major components, by weight, in the US include concrete, wood products, asphalt shingles, brick and clay tile, steel, and drywall.[2] There is the potential to recycle many elements of demolition waste.[1]
Composition
In 2014, 505.1 million tons of demolition debris was generated in the US. Out of the 505.1 million tons, the debris was composed of 353.6 million tons of concrete, 76.6 million tons of asphalt concrete, 35.8 million tons of wood product, 12.7 million tons of asphalt shingles, 11.8 million tons of brick and clay tile, 10.3 million tons of drywall and plaster, and 4.3 million tons of steel.[2]
Disposal
Before demolition debris is extracted, contamination from lead, asbestos or different hazardous materials must be resolved.[3] Hazardous materials must be disposed of separately, according to federal regulation.[3] Demolition debris can be disposed of in either Construction and Demolition Debris landfills or municipal solid waste landfills.[4] Alternatively, debris may also be sorted and recycled. Sorting may happen as deconstruction on the demolition site, off-site at a sorting location, or at a Construction and Demolition recycling center.[4] Once sorted, materials are managed separately and recycled accordingly.
Recycling
Concrete and Brick
Concrete and brick can be recycled by crushing it into rubble.[5] Once sorted, screened and contaminants are removed, reclaimed concrete or brick can be used in concrete aggregate, fill, road base, or riprap.[5] Mobile concrete crushers also allow for recycling of concrete on-site.
Wood
Wood can be reused, repurposed, recycled, or burned as bioenergy.[1] Reused wood to eliminate the need for full-size new lumber if used for smaller building components. Repurposed or recycled wood can be used in pathways, coverings, mulches, compost, animal bedding, or particleboard.[6] Using recycled wood as a bioenergy feedstock is advantageous because it has lower water content, about 20% water, compared to virgin lumber, about 60% water.
Drywall
Drywall is made primarily of gypsum. Once the gypsum is depapered, it can be added in cement production, as a soil amendment, used in aerated composting, or recycled into new drywall. Gypsum recycling can be particularly beneficial because in landfill conditions gypsum will release hydrogen sulfide, a toxic gas.
Asphalt
Asphalt, from shingles or asphalt concrete, is typically recycled and used in pavement.
Metal
Scrap metal is an established industry focused on the collection, buying, selling, and recycling of salvaged materials.[7]
See also
References
- EPA,OSWER,ORCR, US. "Sustainable Management of Construction and Demolition Materials - US EPA". US EPA. Retrieved 19 April 2018.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- "Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact SheetAssessing Trends in Material Generation, Recycling, Composting, Combustion with Energy Recovery and Landfilling in the United States" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. November 2016. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
- 05, US EPA,REG. "Harmful Materials and Residential Demolition - US EPA". US EPA. Retrieved 19 April 2018.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
- Management, Ohio EPA Division of Materials and Waste. "Construction and Demolition Debris (C&DD)". epa.ohio.gov. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- (PDF). 7 February 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170207134250/https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/HM_sw-beneficial-use-of-asphalt-brick-concrete.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-07. Retrieved 19 April 2018. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - "Recycling Wood Pallets and Packaging" (PDF). Timber Development Association (NSW). 2012. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
- EPA Region 2 Pollution Prevention (2016-09-20). "Scrap Metal Merchants Sector" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
