Discomedusae

Discomedusae is a subclass of jellyfish in the class Scyphozoa. It is the sister taxon of Coronamedusae. Discomedusae contains about 155 named species and there are likely to be many more as yet undescribed. Jellyfish in this subclass are much more likely to have swarming events or form blooms than those in Coronamedusae.[2] Discomedusae consists of two orders, Rhizostomae and Semaeostomeae.[1]

Discomedusae
"Discomedusae" (all semaeostomids), from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Subclass: Discomedusae
Haeckel, 1880[1]
"Discomedusae" (all rhizostomids), from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904

Rhizostomae

Members of the order Rhizostomae are collectively known as "root-mouth jellies" and are very diverse. They do not have tentacles or other structures at the edge of the bell, instead they have eight oral arms which fuse together to form the manubrium, a central organ with the mouth at its tip, resembling an elephant's trunk. Some have numerous manubrial outgrowths, well-armed with cnidocytes and mucus-secreting cells; others have the central manubrial mouth closed, instead making use of secondary mouths at the side of the manubrium. These adaptations give the jellyfish a large surface area with which to collect large quantities of planktonic organisms. It can trap plankton from the water currents it produces by pulsating.[3]

Semaeostomeae

Members of the Semaeostomeae are known as "flag-mouth jellies" and are large jellyfish. They have an elongate manubrium composed of four oral arms. The edge of the bell bears flaps known as lappets and in the niches between these, there are usually eight rhopalia (sensory organs). Sometimes there are also hollow marginal tentacles. The stomach is subdivided into four gastric pouches, with the four gonads situated on the oral walls of the pouches. Some semaeostomids are suspension feeders, but others supplement this with prey such as small fish, crustaceans, worms and other jellyfish. The pulsating action of the bell is linked by a nerve ring to the sensory inputs received by the rhopalia.[3]

Phylogeny

According to the World Register of Marine Species, Discomedusae contains the following taxa:[1]

References
  1. "WoRMS – World Register of Marine Species – Discomedusae". marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
  2. Pitt, Kylie A.; Purcell, Jennifer E. (2009). Jellyfish Blooms: Causes, Consequences and Recent Advances. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-4020-9749-2.
  3. Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). Invertebrate Zoology, 7th edition. Cengage Learning. pp. 151–153. ISBN 978-81-315-0104-7.
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