Dominican Party

The Dominican Party (Spanish: Partido Dominicano, PD) was the de facto only political party in the Dominican Republic during the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo, who ruled the country from 1930 to 1961. Its symbol was a palm tree.

Dominican Party

Partido Dominicano
AbbreviationPD
LeaderRafael Trujillo
FounderRafael Trujillo
FoundedAugust 2, 1931 (1931-08-02)
DissolvedJanuary 6, 1962 (1962-01-06)
Preceded byPatriotic Coalition of Citizens
HeadquartersCiudad Trujillo, Distrito Nacional
NewspaperHIN: The Voice of the Dominican Party (Spanish: La Voz Del Partido Dominicano)
IdeologyTrujillism[1][2]
National conservatism
Right-wing populism
Authoritarianism
Factions:
Fascism
Political positionRight-wing to far-right
Colors    Brown, Green[3]

History

The Dominican Party was founded on 2 August 1931, a year after Trujillo came to power. It was an outgrowth of the "Patriotic Coalition of Citizens" that supported Trujillo's run for president. Soon afterward, it was proclaimed to be the only legal party.

On 16 August 1935, the HIN radio station, known as "The Voice of the Dominican Party", was opened. It was dedicated to serving as the media propagator of the activities of the Dominican Party.

The insignia of the Party had a motto that coincided with Trujillo's initials:

  • Rectitud (Righteousness) = Rafael
  • Libertad (Freedom; Liberty) = Leonidas
  • Trabajo (Work; Labour; Job) = Trujillo.

Later, he added: Moralidad (Morality) = Molina.

Officially, Trujillo was only president from 1930 until 1938 and from 1942 until 1952, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1953 until 1961. However, for 30 years he held the real power as leader of the Dominican Party and Generalissimo of the Dominican Army. In these roles, he was able to ensure that when he was not actually president, the position was held by family members or politicians allied to him: Jacinto Peynado (President from 1938 until 1940), Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha (President from 1940 until 1942), his brother Hector (President from 1952 until 1960), and Joaquín Balaguer (took office as president in 1960; was president at the time of Trujillo's death). In this way, for the 31 years of his rule, he was able to maintain all governing power in the nation while appearing to be honorable and only hold power for 18 years.

All adult citizens of the Dominican Republic were required to be members of the party. They needed to carry "[the] three strikes" (Spanish: "los tres golpes")

  • Personal Identity Card
  • Compulsory Military Service Card
  • Dominican Party Membership Card, popularly known as "La Palmita"

The party had no real ideology other than support for Trujillo. It lingered for a brief time after Trujillo's assassination in 1961. However, it was apparent there was no place for the party in the more open society, and it was finally wound up in January 1962.

At various times, Trujillo allowed other political parties to coexist. However, this was done only to impress foreign observers that democratization was progressing, and to allow Trujillo to monitor opponents.[4]

Electoral history

Presidential elections
Election Party candidate Votes % Result
1934 Rafael Trujillo 256,423 100% Elected Y
1938 Jacinto Peynado 319,680 100% Elected Y
1942 Rafael Trujillo 581,937 100% Elected Y
1947 781,389 93% Elected Y
1952 Héctor Trujillo 1,098,816 100% Elected Y
1957 1,265,681 100% Elected Y

Congressional elections
Election Party leader Chamber of Deputies Senate
Votes % Seats +/– Position Seats +/– Position
1934 Rafael Trujillo 256,423 100%
31 / 31
 31 1st
12 / 12
 12 1st
1938 319,680 100% Unknown
13 / 13
 1 1st
1942 581,937 100%
35 / 35
 1st
16 / 16
 3 1st
1947 781,389 93%
45 / 45
 10 1st
19 / 19
 3 1st
1952 1,098,816 100%
50 / 50
 5 1st
22 / 22
 3 1st
1957 1,265,681 100%
58 / 58
 8 1st
23 / 23
 1 1st

See also

References
  1. Jesus Colon (February 1993). The Way It Was and Other Writings. Acosta-Belén & Korrol.
  2. Alex von Tunzelmann (2011). Red Heat: Conspiracy, Murder and the Cold War in the Caribbean. Henry Holt and Company.
  3. The Palm Tree was the only coloured thing in the manifestos.
  4. Crassweller RD. Trujillo. The Life and Times of a Caribbean Dictator. The MacMillan Co, New York (1966). p. 375.

Sources
  • La Enciclopedia Dominicana En Línea


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