Dormammu

Dormammu (/dɔːrˈmɑːmuː/) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Strange Tales #126 (November 1964), and was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko.[1]

Dormammu
Dormammu, as seen in Defenders vol. 3, #1 (September 2005)
Art by Kevin Maguire
Publication information
PublisherMarvel Comics
First appearanceStrange Tales #126 (November 1964)
Created byStan Lee (writer)
Steve Ditko (artist)
In-story information
SpeciesFaltine
Team affiliationsMindless Ones
PartnershipsUmar
Kaecilius
Notable aliasesThe Dread One; Lord of Chaos; The Great Enigma
AbilitiesMystic energy manipulation
Mastery of dark magic
Dimensional teleportation
Immortality

Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, Dormammu has appeared in six decades of Marvel publications, featuring prominently in the Doctor Strange titles and limited series as the archenemy[2] of the mystic hero. The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including films, animated television series, toys, trading cards, and video games.

In 2009, Dormammu was ranked as IGN's 56th-greatest comic book villain of all time.[3]

The character made his film debut in the 2016 Marvel Cinematic Universe film Doctor Strange, performed through motion capture by Benedict Cumberbatch and voiced by a mixture of Cumberbatch and an unidentified British actor.

Publication history

Origin

Dormammu first appeared in Strange Tales #126–127 (November–December 1964),[4] but had been mentioned previously in dialog, along with his realm the "Dark Dimension".

Writer Mike Conroy said:

To Lee and Steve Ditko, the Lord of the Realm of Darkness and the associated invocations were just another piece of business, another way of adding depth to the otherwordly [sic?] nature of Strange's adventures. However, the readers were intrigued. They wanted to know more. "It seems there was something about that nutty name, Dormammu, that was keeping Doc's devoted disciples awake at nights trying to figure out who Dormammu was," Lee explained. "I knew I was in big trouble. I had made up the name—now I had to dream up a character to go with the name. But who? How? Ditko visualized the answer. "He gave the demoniac DD...a visage totally different from any villain I had ever seen in comics before," proclaimed Lee.[5]

After being established as the ruler of an alternate dimension (later described as the god-tyrant of its denizens),[6] Dormammu became a perennial foe of Sorcerer Supreme Doctor Strange, who until this time had dealt almost exclusively with off-beat "one-off" mystical threats in Strange Tales #110–125 (July 1963 – October 1964).[7] Strange's first encounter with Dormammu in the "Dark Dimension" also introduced Clea, eventually revealed to be the niece of the villain (like Clea's name, this was not initially revealed in Strange Tales #126; November 1964), and the monstrous and imprisoned Mindless Ones.

The character's major appearances include starring in an epic fifteen issue storyline in Strange Tales #131–146 (April 1965 – July 1966); the discovery that Dormammu has a sister, Umar, and both are in fact mystical beings called Faltine in Strange Tales #150 (November 1966); teaming with fellow villain Loki to instigate the "Avengers-Defenders War" in The Avengers #115–118 (September–December 1973) and Defenders #8–11 (September–December 1973); Thor Annual #9 (1981); Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme #1–2 (November 1988 & January 1989) and the limited series Doctor Strange: The Flight of the Bones #1–4 (February–May 1999) and Hellcat #1–3 (September–November 2000).

After a major appearance in The Amazing Spider-Man #498–500 (October–December 2003), Dormammu became the patron of small-time villain the Hood in The New Avengers #46 (December 2008).

Fictional character biography

1960s

Dormammu is first mentioned by Karl Amadeus Mordo, senior apprentice of the appointed "Sorcerer Supreme" the "Ancient One", who, in the entity's service, attempts to slowly weaken the sorcerer, but is stopped when his fellow pupil Stephen Strange alerts his master to the betrayal.[8]

The character later appears in person when sending a messenger to boast his renewed intentions of conquering his universe before his aging adversary. In response, Doctor Strange travels to Dormammu's "Dark Dimension" as the Ancient One does not consider himself powerful enough to defeat Dormammu, and manages to overcome all supernatural servitors sent against him. Dormammu engages Strange in mystic combat and shows himself to be far more powerful, but, when drawing upon the realm's energies, inadvertently weakens the barrier containing the horde of Mindless Ones. Since they threatened Dormammu's subjects, Strange helped his enemy to re-seal the juggernauts by letting power from his amulet flow into Dormammu. Indebted to Strange for his help, Dormammu ends the fight, and in return Strange demands a binding vow to never enter the "Earth realm" again and to not harm Clea. Dormammu complies, but gains a burning hatred against Strange for the humiliation.[9]

Dormammu uses a loophole to his oath by granting Mordo vast power, whereupon the sorcerer leads his minions on a lengthy hunt for Strange, and abduct the Ancient One as a bargaining chip. Dormammu's niece, Clea, assists Strange by weakening the barrier of the Mindless Ones, forcing her uncle to focus elsewhere. Dormammu learns of her betrayal, brings all three Earth sorcerers to a neutral realm, to let her see his disciple destroy Strange, and summons fellow "Lords of the Netherworlds" to watch the spectacle. When Strange begins to get an advantage against Mordo, Dormammu decides to face the sorcerer in a contest of pure hand-to-hand-combat. The physically stronger entity eventually falls to his foe's greater familiarity with martial arts. To Dormammu's humiliation, before the gathered Lords, Strange forces him to vow not to menace the Earth even by proxy. The villain strikes a parting blow by banishing Clea, and inciting another lord to attack Strange.[10]

In an apparent bid for power the character engages the universal embodiment, Eternity, in single combat, but is defeated and banished.[11]

Dormammu captures Clea, and overpowers and imprisons Strange. The sorcerer manipulates Umar into freeing him, and then surprises Dormammu by pushing him through a portal to the Earth. This makes the entity wither from the curse cast by his own power, when vowing to never enter the Earth realm, and he departs to his own plane.[12]

1970s

Dormammu enters into an alliance with the Asgardian Loki and tricks superhero teams the Avengers and Defenders into fighting each other for components of the artifact known as the Evil Eye. The Eye is reassembled, and allows Dormammu to merge his own universe with all the planets of the "regular" Marvel Universe without breaking his vow. Dormammu imprisons the traitorous Loki and effortlessly overwhelms all of his other opponents, leaving only the Scarlet Witch. When Loki escapes and distracts Dormammu, the Scarlet Witch casts a hex on the Eye that causes it to absorb Dormammu, and costs Loki his sanity.[13]

After being seen in flashback,[14] the character manages to reintegrate himself on Earth, but is recovering slowly to full strength. Together with Umar, Dormammu captures the elder goddess Gaea,[15] and seeks revenge against the Scarlet Witch by kidnapping her and her mentor, Agatha Harkness, from her wedding to the Vision. After Wanda and Agatha remove the heat needed for his regeneration, he departs for his own realm.[16] Immediately afterwards, he attempts to destroy Doctor Strange and Clea. He is betrayed by Umar, who steals his power and allows the character to be banished from Earth.[17]

Dormammu tricks Strange into battling both the demon Ghost Rider and the Bounty Hunter in an unsuccessful attempt to kill Strange.[18] Dormammu appears in a "What If...?" alternate universe story as Strange's master in that reality.[19]

1980s

Dormammu acts as the envoy of Lord Chaos and plays against Odin in a cosmic chess match whose outcome decides the universal balance of chaos and order. Umar attempts to rig the game in her brother's favor by manipulating Odin's son Thor unsuccessfully, and the game ends in a draw.[20]

Dormammu's agent Baron Mordo travels back in time to London in the year 1943, where he allies with the aristocrats Viscount Krowler and Sir Anthony Baskerville. Dormammu possesses Krowler, and begins to manifest on the Earth plane by absorbing power from the destruction of World War II, but he is banished by Doctor Strange.[21]

The character reappears during the "Inferno" storyline. Strange, following an arduous confrontation with Shuma-Gorath, heals through a process that takes him through various mystical realms. This allows Dormammu to attach himself to his foe, and possess the sorcerer's body, which exempts him from the vow to not directly enter the Earth-realm. Summoning extraterrestrial sorcerers as his lieutenants, Dormammu vows to "burn" and replace the Celestials as the greatest power in the Earth's universe, but is distracted and tricked by Clea and Strange (his consciousness occupying a rat), while their ally Topaz exorcises Dormammu's presence.[22]

1990s

The character reconstitutes again, regains control of the Dark Dimension from Clea by subverting her will, and summons her parents, Umar and Orini, from exile. Umar and Baron Mordo join forces with Clea and Doctor Strange. The enraged Dormammu threatens to completely destroy the "Dark Dimension" in retaliation, but Umar convinces him to accept a compromise as the ruler of a sub-realm, whereas his sister takes over rulership from Clea, with Mordo as her consort. Clea agrees to abdicate rather than see all of her people killed, but promises to return if Umar becomes a tyrant again. Dormammu finds that he has been tricked into becoming the ruler of the realm of the Mindless Ones.[23]

After two brief appearances,[24][25] Dormammu, in the guise of another of the Faltine, manipulates Clea into recruiting allies from the Lords of the Netherworlds to depose her mother. This frees Dormammu to reclaim his realm. He absorbs Umar and Mordo into himself, becoming more powerful than ever before, and he disintegrates the assembled entities.

Strange, at the time weakened without support from the "Principalities", confronts Dormammu with his allies Clea, the Silver Surfer, Hulk, and Ghost Rider, but they are unable to cause any injury to the villain. Strange journeys into the core of Dormammu's essence and uses the Eye of Agamotto to strip away his self-delusion, and make him acknowledge that his thirst for chaos, power, and conquest are unworthy of a being of his stature. Dormammu is momentarily shaken, and appears to be defeated, but this is only a mirage. The villain gloats that he has not shown "one tenth" of his true power against the heroes, but that he now realizes that rulership of "one puny" universe is beneath his notice, as he now has far greater and "more interesting" ambitions, and contemptuously dismisses the "insignificant mortals".[26]

The character observes the Guardians of the Galaxy—adventurers from the 31st century of Earth-691—travel to the mainstream era of Earth-616. Dormammu follows them back to their dimension, merges with his counterpart in this timeline, doubling his power, and attacks their headquarters, demanding the presence of the Doctor Strange of their time. Strange, now called the Ancient One, arrives with his disciple, the alien Krugarr, and battles Dormammu, assisted by the Guardians, the "Galactic Guardians", and the Phoenix Force. Dormammu kills the elderly Strange, and almost overwhelms his other foes, but is defeated when Krugarr summons the spirit of Strange, and they channel the combined power of everyone in the assembly to banish Dormammu to his home dimension.[27]

Dormammu appears as the guiding force behind an attack on the self-titled Goddess[28] during "The Infinity Crusade" storyline. During The Flight of the Bones storyline the character is revealed as the instigator behind a series of spontaneous combustions of criminals and an attack on an ally of Strange by cultists.[29]

2000s

Dormammu uses the demon lord Satannish (revealed as his creation) and warlock Nicholas Scratch to lead his armies to capture five of the inter-dimensional places of Hell, in a plot to eventually conquer all life and afterlife. Dormammu, however, is thwarted when the heroine Hellcat rallies the powers of Hell to weaken the character by engineering a complete absence of mystic flame.[30] Dormammu also allies with the entity Mephisto to drive an attacking force out of their respective dimensions.[31]

Dormammu sends an army of Mindless Ones to attack the city of New York, and trick several prominent Marvel superheroes into unintentionally making him materialize on Earth by tricking them into combining dimensional energies in an attempt to dispel the Mindless Ones. Doctor Strange engages Dormammu in combat, and sends the hero Spider-Man back in time to a critical moment to stop his enemy from being able to re-enter Earth's universe, Spider-Man warning the heroes to delay in their attempts to stop the Mindless Ones long enough for the younger Strange to show up and banish them himself.[32]

Dormammu returns, now in a symbiotic link with Umar. Together they petition the "Pan-dimensional Oversight Council" (counting Strange and Nightmare among its members) to perform a preemptive strike against Earth's superhumans, as "potential weapons of mass destruction", and when the petition fails, Dormammu eats most of the present council-members, whereas Umar reduces the rest to "screaming blobs of mindless jelly". The siblings then attack and overcome the entity Eternity, and use the acquired power to remake all universes in their hellish image. The pair are opposed by a reuniting of some of the original Defenders (Strange, the Hulk, and Namor the Sub-Mariner), with Dormammu retreating when Umar steals his power.[33] The character also appears briefly during a storyline in which Strange contemplates his past.[34]

Acting in secrecy, Dormammu empowers criminal mastermind the Hood, who in turn resurrects several dead supervillains and forms a crime army.[35] When the Hood asks for information about his "benefactor" from the demoness Satana, she claims that Dormammu disposed of his sister off-page.[36]

The character temporarily takes control of the "zombie" virus that decimates Earth-2149,[37] and also takes advantage of the fact that Strange loses the title of Sorcerer Supreme, but the latter eventually exorcises his influence from the Hood together with Daimon Hellstrom and Doctor Voodoo.[38]

2010s

Dormammu briefly appears when the newly appointed "Sorcerer Supreme" Doctor Voodoo enters his domain. The villain dismisses Voodoo as an "unworthy" opponent and refers to his vastly inferior "gutter gods". This, however, causes Voodoo to strengthen the seals to the entity's realm.[39] The character also appears as one of the prospective "suitors" (holders of a slave-contract) for the hand of Satana.[40]

During the Fear Itself storyline, Dormammu attended the Devil's Advocacy where they talked about the threat of the Serpent on Earth.[41]

Dormammu appears in Uncanny X-Men. After Illyana Rasputin is pulled into Limbo it is revealed that Dormammu is responsible for taking over the realm.[42] Dormammu is apparently killed by Illyana off-page.[43]

The entity reappears with a plot to turn humanity into Mindless Ones, but is thwarted by the plans of Phil Coulson, with help from the Absorbing Man and the Howling Commandos.[44]

During the "Damnation" storyline, Doctor Strange's soul comes across Dormammu in the Realm Between at the time when Mephisto is causing trouble in Las Vegas.[45]

Character

Dormammu has been described as "something worse than a demon".[36] It is unknown exactly how ancient he is, as he inhabits a wholly alien realm, separate from the rest of the Marvel Universe, that defies the laws of physics as understood on Earth. He is known to have already existed at the creation of the current demonic netherworlds;[30] to have clashed with Agamotto hundreds of millions of years ago; to have served as the primary enemy of the Vishanti ever since; and to have been considered an extreme threat by the mages of "pre-cataclysm" Atlantis.[37]

Dormammu is presented as the most powerful and malevolent of "the Faltine",[26] fictional higher-dimensional mystical energy beings. Not native to the "Dark Dimension", Dormammu and "his" sibling Umar were exiled for slaying their progenitor "Sinifer" and for their morbid/unclean obsession with physical matter. They journeyed to the Dark Dimension in search of experience, and assumed corporeal forms.[46] Dormammu merged with the local "Flames of Regency" to further enhance his power, and returned to an energy state, whereas Umar had grown accustomed to physical pleasure. After imprisoning the horde of marauding virtually unstoppable Mindless Ones, Dormammu enslaved the entire realm and demanded worship as its sole deity. He continued to gradually merge other mystical universes to his own, while spreading his worship to any sorcerers throughout the multiverse who invoked his powers.[47]

The character is sometimes shown as incredibly patient, with certain plots to achieve his goals spanning billions of years,[30] whereas others are planned far more recently or even improvised through opportunity.[26] Although extremely intelligent, with tremendous knowledge of the mystic arts, he is overwhelmingly arrogant, generally does not adapt well to sudden confusion and unexpected developments,[27] and has a tendency to gloat over technically outmatched foes rather than swiftly finish them off.[10][13][26][39] What makes Dormammu different from other prominent Marvel supervillains is that he has been shown as fully capable of personally defeating cosmic entities, even without external power sources and outside of the "Dark Dimension".[27][33]

Originally genderless siblings, Dormammu and his sister Umar have an unpredictable love-hate relationship. Sometimes loyal and collaborative, other times they gladly betray each other or take the other's power for themselves.[26][33] Umar has an occasional tendency to sarcastically puncture her brother's obsessive histrionics with more pragmatic sadistic hedonism.[33]

Writer Keith Giffen has described them as "Donnie and Marie from hell. The brother-sister sibling rivalry relationship blown up to nightmarish, universe-shattering proportions." Nevertheless, Dormammu is "completely inhuman",[48] the kind of character that "commits mass murder... on a whim".[49]

Powers and abilities

Presented as one of the most powerful known mystical entities within the Marvel Universe, Dormammu is acknowledged by Doctor Strange as his "most terrible foe";[50] a threat to "the life of the universe itself", that "at full power no one could stand against."[51]

The character is an interdimensional entity composed of mystical energy that can be used to achieve almost any effect he desires, including: energy projection, matter manipulation, resizing, teleportation, possession; necromancy, bestowing of power, and creating demon lords.[52] In certain instances Dormammu has been displayed approaching a universal,[53] or even multiversal,[33] scale of influence.

Dormammu is apparently stronger in the Dark Dimension, being empowered by the worship of his followers,[54] and can draw upon its power.[35] The character has been shown to have one significant weakness: being vulnerable in environments that cannot fuel his mystical Faltine flames.[30][55]

Other versions

Marvel Mangaverse

Dormammu is summoned into Marvel Mangaverse by The Incredible Hulk (Nick Fury is revealed to be behind the attacks by the Hulk as well).[56]

Ultimate Marvel

In the Ultimate Marvel universe, Dormammu first appears in Ultimatum, which introduces him as a powerful demon who succeeds in killing Doctor Strange (actually the son of the original).[57] The demon was then confronted by Susan Storm and Ben Grimm in front of the destroyed Sanctum Sanctorum. Dormammu was defeated after Susan sealed his entire head with her force-field and being overwhelmed by Johnny Storm's power, turning him into a powerless human being.[58]

In other media

Television
  • Dormammu appears in the 1979 Spider-Woman episode "Realm of Darkness". This version bears little relation to his comic book look aside from the flaming head. He is summoned to Earth by worshipers from Grand Cayman Island. He plans to stop the Moon in its orbit when the eclipse occurs so that he can engulf Earth in complete darkness.
  • Dormammu appears in the 1990s Spider-Man series' episodes "Doctor Strange", "Venom Returns", and "Carnage", voiced by Ed Gilbert.[59] In this series, he uses his servant Baron Mordo to try freeing himself. Knowing that the Venom symbiote was due to reproduce and create a new symbiote, Dormammu had Mordo send the rocket it was on back to earth. Using the newly formed Carnage, Dormammu collected humans souls equal to his own and switched places with them. However, Spidey and Venom manage to reverse the process, sealing Dormammu, Carnage and Venom back into "hot head's" home dimension.
  • Dormammu appears in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "Enter: Dormammu", voiced by Robert Englund.[59] Doctor Strange (whose Eye of Agamotto is holding an Infinity Sword fractal) ends up unleashing Dormammu from his Dark Dimension into Super Hero City. A recurring gag during this episode was Falcon asking Dormammu if he knows that his head is on fire. When Dormammu unleashes his Mindless Ones upon Super Hero City, Dormammu manages to steal the fractals from the Vault and Villainville while taking Captain America and Doctor Doom hostage. When the fractal is extracted from the Eye of Agamotto, Doctor Strange then uses a spell to banish Dormammu back into the Dark Dimension. In "This Al Dente Earth", Doctor Strange briefly pulls Dormammu's head out of the Dark Dimension in order to damage Galactus' machine. In the episode "Soul Stone Picnic", Dark Surfer called up Dormammu where he tells him that he plans to destroy the universe in the next two episodes.
  • Dormammu appeared in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episodes "Stranger in a Strange Land"[60] and "Hulking Commandos", voiced by Phil LaMarr.
  • Dormammu appeared in the Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Cloak and Dagger", voiced again by Phil LaMarr.[59] Dormammu gains control of Cloak so that he can obtain Doctor Strange, Iron Fist, and White Tiger as part of a plot to power the Siege Perilous and lead the Mindless Ones into invading Earth. Dormammu's skill with intangibility is featured in this episode. In the episode "The Moon Knight Before Christmas," it was revealed in a flashback that Mysterio made a deal with Dormammu to enhance his illusion abilities where the side-effect ended up trapping Mysterio in his helmet upon his defeat until the day when Spider-Man freed him and his daughter Frances Beck.
  • Dormammu appears in the Avengers Assemble episodes "Widow's Run" and "Into the Dark Dimension", voiced again by Phil LaMarr.[61][59] Due to the effects that the Infinity Gems are having on reality, Dormammu and the Mindless Ones emerge from a portal to the Dark Dimension causing the Avengers and Doctor Strange to fight them. Dormammu and the Mindless Ones are repelled by Black Widow using the powers of four Infinity Stones: the Time Stone, the Space Stone, the Mind Stone and the Reality Stone.

Film
Dormammu as he appears in the 2016 film Doctor Strange
  • Dormammu appears in the 2007 animated direct-to-DVD film Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme, voiced by Jonathan Adams.[59]
  • Dormammu appears in the 2016 film Doctor Strange, with Benedict Cumberbatch performing the motion capture and providing the voice for the character,[62] that was also blended in with the voice of an unidentified British actor that director Scott Derrickson could not recall the name of.[63] In this reality, Dormammu seeks to absorb all other universes into his Dark Dimension and turn the victims into Mindless Ones. The Zealots misinterpret this eternal existence as a benevolent longevity, and Dormammu gives them some of his power. Doctor Strange, also played by Cumberbatch, uses the Time Stone to trap himself and Dormammu in an endless loop, where he offers a bargain and dies when the entity refuses. Desperate to escape this loop, Dormammu accepts the bargain to end it in exchange for taking his Zealots from the Earth and never returning to it. This version of Dormammu appears as a massive face made of rippling mystical energy - his full form is never seen.

Video games

References
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  8. Stan Lee (w). "Black Magic" Strange Tales 111 (August 1963), Marvel Comics
  9. Stan Lee (w). "The Domain of the Dread Dormammu!; Duel With the Dread Dormammu!" Strange Tales 126–127 (November–December 1964), Marvel Comics
  10. Steve Ditko; Stan Lee (w). "The Pincers of Power!" Strange Tales 130–141 (March 1965 – January 1966), Marvel Comics
  11. Denny O'Neil (w). "When The Unliving Strike!" Strange Tales 146 (July 1966), Marvel Comics
  12. Roy Thomas (w). Doctor Strange 171–173 (August–October 1968), Marvel Comics
  13. "Avengers/Defenders War" from:
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  20. Chris Claremont (w). "The Great Game!" Thor Annual 9 (1981), Marvel Comics
  21. Doctor Strange vol. 2, #49–51 (1981–1982)
  22. Peter Gillis (w). Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme 1–2 (November 1988 – January 1989), Marvel Comics
  23. Roy Thomas; Dann Thomas (w), Jackson Guice (p), Tony Dezuniga; Mark McKenna (i). "The Dark Wars" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme 21–24 (October–December 1990), Marvel Comics
  24. Roy Thomas; Dann Thomas (w), Chris Marrinan (p), Mark McKenna (i). "Strange Tales Part II" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme 28 (April 1991), Marvel Comics
  25. Geof Isherwood (w), Geof Isherwood (p), Dave Simons (i). "The Curse of Kyllian" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme Annual 3 (1993), Marvel Comics
  26. Len Kamanski (w). "The Heart of Darkness" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme 48–50 (December 1992 – February 1993), Marvel Comics
  27. Michael Gallagher (w). Guardians of the Galaxy 34–36 (March–May 1993), Marvel Comics
  28. Geof Isherwood; Roy Thomas (w). "World Enough, And Time..." Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme 55 (July 1993), Marvel Comics
  29. Dan Jolly; Tony Harris; Ray Snyder (w). "The Flight of the Bones" Doctor Strange v3, 1–4 (February–May 1999), Marvel Comics
  30. Steve Englehart (w). Hellcat 1–3 (September–November 2000), Marvel Comics
  31. Dan Abnett; Andy Lanning (w). Magik v2, 1–4 (December 2000 – March 2001), Marvel Comics
  32. The Spider-Man story "Happy Birthday" from:
  33. J.M. DeMatteis; Keith Giffen (w). Defenders v3, 1–5 (September 2005 – January 2006), Marvel Comics
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  37. Fred Van Lente (w). "Night Shift" Marvel Zombies 4 2 (July 2009), Marvel Comics
  38. Brian Michael Bendis (w). New Avengers 51–54 (May–August 2009), Marvel Comics
  39. Doctor Voodoo: Avenger of the Supernatural #1 (2010)
  40. Deadpool Team-Up #892 (2010)
  41. Journey Into Mystery #627
  42. Uncanny X-Men vol. 3 #5
  43. Uncanny X-Men vol. 3 #6
  44. S.H.I.E.L.D. Vol. 3 #5–6 (2015)
  45. Doctor Strange #688. Marvel Comics.
  46. Doctor Strange vol. 3, #22 (October 1990)
  47. Dr. Strange vol. 2 #72
  48. "Giffen & Dematteis Talk Defenders And A Little Bit Of Everything". Google.se. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
  49. "Defending Drax With Keith Giffen". Google.se. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
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  51. J. Michael Straczynski (w). The Amazing Spider-Man v2, 58 (November 2003), Marvel Comics
  52. The individual powers list as examples are from:
    • Bestowing power
         Steve Ditko; Stan Lee (w). "Face-to-Face at Last With Baron Mordo!" Strange Tales 132 (May 1965), Marvel Comics
    • Energy projection
         "Avengers/Defenders War" (September–December 1973), Marvel Comics
    • Size shifting, teleportation
         Len Kamanski (w). "The Heart of Darkness" Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme 50 (February 1993), Marvel Comics
    • Creating demon lords
         Steve Englehart (w). Hellcat 1–3 (September–November 2000), Marvel Comics
    • Resurrection of the dead
         Garth Ennis (w). Punisher v7, 2–7 (March–August 2004), Marvel Comics
    • Matter transmutation
         J.M. DeMatteis; Keith Giffen (w). "Almost a Good Idea..." Defenders v3, 1 (September 2005), Marvel Comics
    • Body possession
         Brian Michael Bendis (w). New Avengers 46 (February 2009), Marvel Comics
  54. Steve Ditko; Stan Lee (w). Strange Tales 126–127 (November–December 1964), Marvel Comics
  55. The powers and abilities section covers the general list of powers that Marvel has presented as part of the character profile within:
  56. Marvel Mangaverse: Avengers Assemble!! #1–4 (2002)
  57. Ultimatum #1–5 (September 2009)
  58. Ultimatum: Fantastic Four Requiem #1 (2009)
  59. https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Doctor-Strange/Dormammu/
  60. "Stranger in a Strange Land". Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. Season 1. Episode 20. March 30, 2014. Disney XD.
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