Echinacea paradoxa

Echinacea paradoxa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Echinacea
Species:	E. paradoxa
Binomial name
	Echinacea paradoxa; (J. B. S. Norton) Britt.
Synonyms[1]
	Brauneria paradoxa Norton; Echinacea atrorubens var. paradoxa (Norton) Cronquist; Echinacea atrorubens var. neglecta (McGregor) Binns, B.R.Baum & Arnason, syn of var. neglecta;

Echinacea paradoxa, the yellow coneflower[2][3] or Bush's purple coneflower,[4] is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to southern Missouri, Arkansas, and south-central Oklahoma, with one isolated population reported from Montgomery County in eastern Texas.[5] It is listed as threatened in Arkansas.[4][6]

Echinacea paradoxa is a perennial herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall. One plant can produce several flower heads, each with white, pink, or yellow ray florets and pink or yellow disc florets.[6][7][8][9]

Varieties[1][6]

Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa - yellow rays - Arkansas and Missouri
Echinacea paradoxavar.neglecta - pink or white rays Oklahoma and Texas

Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa has a baseline chromosome number of x = 11, like most Echinacea plants.[10]

Gallery

Illustration
Flower
Flower from above
Flower and a bee
Flower closeup with a bee

References

The Plant List Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton
Echinacea paradoxa Gardening Help, Missouri Botanical Garden
Echinacea paradoxa Archived 2007-06-17 at the Wayback Machine NC State University Cooperative Extension
Echinacea paradoxa United States Department of Agriculture plants profile
Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
Flora of North America, Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton
Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison 1913. illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian 3: 476 description in English plus lline drawing
Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): 40–41 description and commentary in English, as Brauneria paradoxa
Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): plate VIII (8) line drawing of Echinacea paradoxa as Brauneria paradoxa
Smith, E. B., P. E. Hyatt, and K. Golden. 1992. Documented chromosome numbers 1992: 1. Chromosome numbers of some Arkansas flowering plants. Sida 15:145–146.

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[d-1] The Plant List Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton

[2] Echinacea paradoxa Gardening Help, Missouri Botanical Garden

[3] Echinacea paradoxa Archived 2007-06-17 at the Wayback Machine NC State University Cooperative Extension

[usda-4] Echinacea paradoxa United States Department of Agriculture plants profile

[5] Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map

[y-6] Flora of North America, Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton

[7] Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison 1913. illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian 3: 476 description in English plus lline drawing

[8] Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): 40–41 description and commentary in English, as Brauneria paradoxa

[9] Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): plate VIII (8) line drawing of Echinacea paradoxa as Brauneria paradoxa

[Smith-10] Smith, E. B., P. E. Hyatt, and K. Golden. 1992. Documented chromosome numbers 1992: 1. Chromosome numbers of some Arkansas flowering plants. Sida 15:145–146.