Emerald, Queensland

Emerald lies on the Nogoa River, a tributary of the Fitzroy River.[5] The town lies approximately 270 kilometres (170 mi) from the Coral Sea coast and approximately 270 km west of the city of Rockhampton by road at the junction of the Capricorn and Gregory highways. Emerald sits approximately 10 km south of the Tropic of Capricorn.

The traditional owners include the Gayiri people who occupied the area for tens of thousands of years before European colonisation began in the nineteenth century. The Gayiri (Kairi, Khararya) language region takes in the landscape of the Central Highlands Region, including Emerald and the Nogoa River.[6]

The first European to explore the area was Ludwig Leichhardt between 1843 and 1845.[5] The British Colony of Queensland was established in 1859.

The town takes its name for the emerald and other precious stones found in the area as well as from the pastoral run Emerald Downs, a name assigned circa 1860 by pastoralist Peter Fitzallan Macdonald.[3]

Emerald was established in 1879 as a base for the Central line from Rockhampton.[5] Emerald Post Office opened on 5 June 1879.[7]

Emerald State School opened on 3 November 1879. A secondary department was added to the school in 1919 but that department was closed in 1921. The secondary department reopened in 1959 and operated until the separate Emerald State High School opened in 1969.[8]

St Patrick's Catholic School was established on 31 January 1902 with 80 students by the Presentation Sisters.[8] They provided a boarding facility for girls and boys from 1906 to 1961. The last of the Presentation Sisters left the school in 1992 after which it was operated by the Rockhampton Catholic Education Office.[9]

Emerald North State School opened on 29 January 1980. A preschool was added on 20 February 1980. A special education unit opened on 23 January 1984. The preschool and special education units closed in 1999.[8]

The Emerald campus of the Capricornia School of Distance Education opened on 1 February 1993.[8]

The new Emerald Library building opened in 1994.[10]

Marist College was established in 1996 by the Marist Brothers.[8][11]

Denison State School opened on 28 January 1997.[8]

Emerald Christian College (also known as Emerald Educational College) opened in 2001.[8]

St Brigid's Catholic Primary School was established in 2014 by the Rockhampton Catholic Education Office.[12]

In the 2016 census, Emerald had a population of 14,356 people.[13]

Ontrack School opened in February 2018.[14]

On 17 April 2020, the Queensland Government re-drew the boundaries of localities within the Central Highlands Region by replacing the locality of The Gemfields with three new localities of Rubyvale, Sapphire Central and Anakie Siding (around the towns of Rubyvale, Sapphire, and Anakie respectively). This included adjusting the boundaries of other existing localities in the Region to accommodate these changes; Emerald gained the north-eastern corner and eastern parts of The Gemfields but losing a small area on its western boundary to the new Anakie Siding, increasing the area of the locality from 611.1 to 844.9 square kilometres (235.9 to 326.2 sq mi).[15][16][17][2]

Some of the recorded floods to have occurred in the region include 1863, 1864, 1868, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1875, 1876, 1878, 1882, 1887, 1890, 1894, 1896, 1898, 1906, 1912, 1918, 1920s, 1950 (where 1103.77 mm rain was recorded in Queensland), 1956 was the wettest year on record with 1032.29 mm rainfall. The 1970s also had similar rainfall to the 1860s and 1870s.

Prior to the 1990s, flood damage to residential properties was almost non-existent. The biggest impact of flooding of the Nogoa River in Emerald itself was that one side of Emerald was cut off from the other and caravans at the Carinya Caravan Park would be towed to higher ground each time the Nogoa River rose, to prevent the caravans from being completely submerged. This caravan park is now the site of the Centro Property where Coles Supermarket and other businesses operate. A former swamp area is now part of Kidd Street (a housing development) which was an old river course. The watercourse that extended along the back of the hospital, past the rear of Woolworths and past the Information Centre has been converted into a channel with a concrete section on one side near the information centre, reducing the channel in size by approximately two-thirds. This area has been allowed to be developed in the vicinity of Creek Street.[18]

Fairbairn Dam overflowed for the first time in 17 years on 19 January 2008.[19] Major flooding in Emerald occurred a few days later as the Nogoa River broke its banks. The floods resulted in 1,000 houses being affected and more than 2,500 people being evacuated. The 2008 floods did not reach the heights of flooding in previous years.

Emerald has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

• Clermont Street (Capricorn Highway): Emerald railway station[20]

According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 13,532 people in Emerald.

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.6% of the population.
• 73.8% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 4.3%, Philippines 1.6%, South Africa 1.1% and England 1.1%.
• 81.4% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Afrikaans at 0.8%.
• The most common responses for religion were Catholic 26.3%, No Religion 21.1% and Anglican 15.4%.[21]

Emerald is a service town for a large number of industries in the area. Extensive coal mining operations are carried out in the district. Cotton is grown in the area, and is processed at the Yamala Cotton Gin, while other agricultural activities include grape, citrus and grain growing.

The citrus industry was severely affected by a citrus canker outbreak that started in 2004 and was declared over in early 2009.[22] More than half a million citrus trees located around Emerald had to be destroyed.[22]

Emerald Solar Park is immediately west of the town and generates up to 65MW of electricity since October 2018.

Emerald has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen: Cwa) with hot, relatively wet summers and mild, dry winters. Maximum temperatures range from 34 °C in January to 22 °C in July, while minimums range from 22 °C to 7 °C. The average annual rainfall is 641.2 mm. The wettest year on record was 1407.2 mm in 1956. Extremes of temperature have ranged from 48.6 °C to −5.6 °C, while the wettest 24 hours on record was 182.0 mm on 25 February 1975.[23]

[24] To the west of the town is an area known as The Gemfields, with small towns such as Sapphire and Rubyvale indicating the type of gems found there. The sapphire fields located here are the largest in the southern hemisphere.[25]

The Fairbairn Dam, a short drive to the south of the town, was opened in 1972, and holds back the waters of Lake Maraboon.[5] The lake covers an area of up to 150 square kilometres (58 sq mi), making it one of the largest artificial lakes in the country. When full, it holds three times more water than Sydney Harbour. This extensive water supply has allowed the cotton industry to flourish in the area, and the lake is a boon for local water sports.[26]

Emerald State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Anakie Street (23.5237°S 148.1605°E / -23.5237; 148.1605 (Emerald State School)).[27][28] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 316 students with 25 teachers (21 full-time equivalent) and 14 non-teaching staff (8 full-time equivalent).[29]

Emerald North State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys and girls at Campbell Street (23.5132°S 148.1641°E / -23.5132; 148.1641 (Emerald North State School)).[27][30] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 249 students with 25 teachers (23 full-time equivalent) and 29 non-teaching staff (18 full-time equivalent).[29] It includes a special education program.[27]

Denison State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 16 Gray Street (23.5322°S 148.1512°E / -23.5322; 148.1512 (Denison State School)).[27][31] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 497 students with 36 teachers (33 full-time equivalent) and 20 non-teaching staff (14 full-time equivalent).[29] It includes a special education program.[27]

Capricornia School of Distance Education is a government primary and secondary (Early Childhood-12) school for boys and girls at the corner Gray and Gladstone Streets (23.5323°S 148.1520°E / -23.5323; 148.1520 (Capricornia School of Distance Education)).[27][32] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 775 students with 72 teachers (64 full-time equivalent) and 21 non-teaching staff (15 full-time equivalent).[29] It includes a special education program.[27] The school operates from the Denison State School campus.

Emerald State High School is a government secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at Old Airport Drive (23.5136°S 148.1582°E / -23.5136; 148.1582 (Emerald State High School)).[27][33] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 780 students with 62 teachers (59 full-time equivalent) and 33 non-teaching staff (22 full-time equivalent).[29] It includes a special education program.[27][34]

St Patrick's Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 41 Yamala Street (23.5233°S 148.1621°E / -23.5233; 148.1621 (St Patrick's Catholic Primary School)).[27][35] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 491 students with 31 teachers (29 full-time equivalent) and 16 non-teaching staff (9 full-time equivalent).[29]

St Brigid's Catholic Primary School is a Catholic primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Gregory Highway (23.5597°S 148.1696°E / -23.5597; 148.1696 (St Brigid's Catholic Primary School)).[27][36] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 202 students with 16 teachers (15 full-time equivalent) and 8 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).[29]

Marist College is a Catholic secondary (7-12) school for boys and girls at Jeppesen Drive (23.5435°S 148.1592°E / -23.5435; 148.1592 (Marist College)).[27][37] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 569 students with 50 teachers (47 full-time equivalent) and 25 non-teaching staff (19 full-time equivalent).[29]

Emerald Christian College is a private primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at Lot 2 Gregory Highway (23.5528°S 148.1708°E / -23.5528; 148.1708 (Emerald Christian College)).[27][38] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 196 students with 22 teachers (20 full-time equivalent) and 18 non-teaching staff (10 full-time equivalent).[29]

Ontrack is a private primary and secondary (5-10) school at 114 Borilla Street (23.5266°S 148.1614°E / -23.5266; 148.1614 (Ontrack)).[27][39] It seeks to provide for students from Years 6 to 10 who have disengaged from mainstream schools.[14]

The small community of Gindie exists approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Emerald on the Gregory Highway. It is also home to a primary school established in 1897, Gindie State School. The school closed in 1949 and subsequently reopened.[40]

Central Queensland University has a campus in Emerald.

Central Highlands Regional Council operates Emerald Library at 44 Borilla Street, Emerald.[41]

The Emerald branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Rooms at 45 Borilla Street.[42]

• Mitchell Langerak, Australian footballer
• Alan McIndoe, Australian Rugby League player

• Emerald Airport

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emerald, Queensland.

• "Emerald". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland.
• Town map of Emerald, 1985
• Emerald State High School Homepage