Endangered plants of Europe
Endangered plants of Europe, the list below contains plants that dwell in or migrate to any region in Europe and any nearby islands of the Atlantic Ocean. This includes plants that are found in the East Atlantic Ocean (Azores), Iceland, the Adriatic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black and Caspian Sea, Corsica, Cyprus, Palearctic, Russia, Eurasia, North African Coast, the Mediterranean Sea and islands located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the islands of Spain (Canary, Balearic). Twenty-one percent of Europe's vascular plant species (flowering plants, conifers and ferns) are classified as threatened, according to the IUCN.[1] The list below was compiled from data on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species (IUCN). The International Union for Conservation of Nature[2] identifies species in need of attention before approaching extinction and works to increase prevention of extinction. The list below includes vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN), critically endangered (CR), and recently extinct (EX) species.
Threatened plants of Europe and their locations
PLANT NAME | RANGE/REGION |
---|---|
Akamas Centaury | Cyprus |
Medicago arborea | Spain |
Allium rouyi | Spain |
Amygdalus spp. | (2) Kazakhstan, Turkey |
Anthoceros neesii | Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland |
Antirrhinum subbaeticum | It originated from Italy but was introduced into Spain |
Apid den Bermejo | Spain |
Astragalus cavanillesii | Spain |
Barbaricina Colombine | Italy |
Berberis spp. | (2) China, Kazakhstan |
Betula spp. | (6) China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, Uzbekistan |
Bindweed | Greece |
Borneo teak | Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Oceanic |
Brimeura duvigneaudii | Spain |
Bryoxiphium madeirense | Portugal |
Buglosse Crepue | France, Italy |
Bully Tree | Cape Verde, Portugal, Spain |
Bupleuro delle | Madoni Italy |
Bupleuro di Marettimo | Italy |
Calligonum spp. | Kazakhstan |
Canary Strawberry Tree Arbutus canariensis | Spain (Canary Islands) |
Carum foetidum | Algeria, Spain |
Casey's Larkspur | Cyprus |
Centranthus spp. | (2) France, Italy |
Cerastium sventenii | Spain (Canary Islands) |
Chamomile | Greece |
Cheesewood | Portugal |
Chosenia arbutifolia | China, Japan, Korea, Russia |
Cornish Path Moss | United Kingdom |
Cretan Zelkova | Greece |
Cyprus Cedar | Cyprus |
Degenia velebitica | Croatia |
Distichophyllum carinatum | China, Germany, Japan |
Dragon Tree | Cape Verde, Morocco, Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands) |
Echinodium spp. | (2) Portugal |
Echium spp. | (4) Spain |
Erysimum kykkoticum | Cyprus |
Euphorbia spp. | Spain |
Falsa Sanicola | Italy |
Flueggea spp. | Turkey |
Gradsteinia torrenticola | Spain |
Gyrocaryum oppositifolium | Spain |
Hare's-ear | Greece |
Heberdenia excelsa | Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands) |
Helianthemum guerrae | Spain |
Helichrysum spp. | Malta |
Hieracium spp. | Italy |
Honeysuckle | Kazakhstan |
Horstrissea dolinicola | Greece |
Jaramago de Alboran | Spain |
Jasione mansanetiana | Spain |
Juniper | (2) Portugal, Spain (Canary Islands) |
Lamyropsis microcephala | Italy |
Larkspur | Greece |
Ligusticum huteri | Spain |
Limonium strictissimum | France, Italy |
Lithodora nitida | Spain |
Lunetiere de Rotges | France |
Lysimachia minoricensis | Spain |
Maltase Cliff-orache | Malta |
Maltese Centaury | Malta |
Malus spp. | (2) Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan |
Mamillariella geniculata | Russia |
Many-fruited Beardless Moss | United Kingdom |
Marsh Earwort | Austria, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greenland, Korea, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom |
Milkwort | (2) Greece, Italy |
Minuartia dirphya | Greece |
Moehringia fontqueri | Spain |
Morris Squill | Cyprus |
Myrica rivas-martinezii | Spain (Canary Islands) |
Narcissus spp. | (4) Spain |
Naufraga balearica | Spain |
Nuragica Columbine | Italy |
Ochyraea tatrensis | Slovakia |
Orthodontopsis bardunovii | Russia |
Orthotrichum spp. | Asia, Europe |
Pau-branco | Portugal |
Picconia excelsa | Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands) |
Pleiomeris canariensis | Spain (Canary Islands) |
Pleurotus nebrodensis | Italy |
Populus spp. | (2) Asia, Europe, Middle East |
Prunus spp. | Europe |
Pyrus spp. | Turkey |
Radula jonesii | Portugal, Spain (Canary Islands) |
Rhamnus integrifolia | Spain (Canary Islands) |
Ribes spp. | Italy |
Riccia spp. | Portugal (Madeira) |
Sage | Cyprus |
Salix spp. | Spain |
Sandwort | (2) Spain |
Saponaria jagelii | Greece |
Scapania sphaerifera | Russia |
Sea Marigold | Italy |
Senecio spp. | Spain |
Serbian Spruce | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Shrubby Buckwheat | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Sibiraea tianschanica | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Sicilian Fir | Italy |
Silene spp. | (5) Italy, Spain |
Soccarrell Bord | Spain |
Solenanthus reverchonii | Spain |
Sorbus spp. | (19) Germany, Ireland, Portugal, United Kingdom |
Spiraeanthus schrenkianus | Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan |
Star Thistle | Italy |
Stonecress | Greece |
Succisella andreae-molinae | Spain |
Teucrium balthazaris | Spain |
Thamnobryum spp. | (2) Portugal, United Kingdom |
Troodos Rockcress | Cyprus |
Violet | Italy |
Wild Apricot | China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan |
Zelkova sicula | Italy |
Conservation
Propragation has been conducted using in vitro techniques in facilities across the country. This method of conservation is used in parts of the world to preserve plants for as long as possible. In vitro propagation has allowed material to be kept in in vitro gene banks, and this will expand with deeper developments in cryopreservation technology. An increasing number of botanic gardens now have in vitro facilities, and information on techniques is distributed between these in addition to cultures.[4]
See also
References
- Silva, João Pedro. "Life and Endangered Plants "Conserving Europe's threatened flora"" (PDF). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN 2011.
- Glenn, C. R. ""Earth's Endangered Creatures" (Online)".
- Fay, Michael (1992). "Conservation of rare and endangered plants using in vitro methods". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 28: 1–4. doi:10.1007/BF02632183.