Enel Green Power

Enel Green Power S.p.A. is an Italian multinational renewable energy corporation, headquartered in Rome. The company was formed as a subsidiary of the power generation firm Enel in December 2008. It generates energy from hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources. It currently has over 1200 plants worldwide.[4]

Enel Green Power S.p.A.
TypeSocietà per azioni
IndustryEnergy
FoundedDecember 2008
HeadquartersRome, Italy
Key people
  • Michele Crisostomo[1] (chairman)
  • Salvatore Bernabei[2][3]
ProductsWind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity, biomass
Number of employees
7,000 (2018)
ParentEnel
Websitewww.enelgreenpower.com

History

Enel Green Power was founded on 1 December 2008 to concentrate all of Enel's activities in the production of renewable energy. At the time of its establishment, Enel was the largest European company in the field of renewable energy, both in terms of installed capacity and international presence.[5] Following its foundation, the activities of the renewable energy branch were gradually transferred to Enel Green Power; these included activities conducted via Enel Produzione SpA in Italy and assets within the possession of Enel Investment Holding abroad, including Enel Latin America BV, Erelis Enel and Endesa.[5]

In November 2010, following Enel's acquisition of Endesa in June 2009, the company made an initial public offering of 30.8% of Enel Green Power in the Italian Stock Exchange and the Bolsa de Madrid.[6] In Italy and Spain, the IPO of Enel Green Power was handled by PricewaterhouseCoopers.[7]

Between 2011 and 2012, Enel Green Power expanded with wind power throughout the American continents. The first of a long series of wind-powered installations opened in the state of Bahia in Brazil, which generated approximately 30 MW managed by Cristal;[8] this was followed by installations in the United States in Oklahoma (Rocky Ridge with 150 MW) and Kansas (Caney River with 200 MW).[9][10] In 2012, the 85 MW Palo Viejo hydroelectric power plant was inaugurated in Guatemala.[11]

In 2014, the company was presented with a European Solar Prize by Eurosolar.[12]

On 11 November 2014, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Oklahoma filed suit against Enel's subsidiary Osage Wind LLC, an 84-turbine industrial wind project in Osage County, Okla.[13] In the suit, the United States alleges that Enel and Osage Wind are illegally converting minerals owned by the Osage Nation, a Native American tribe that has owned all mineral rights in the county since 1871.[14] The suit says that Osage Wind should have obtained a permit from the Bureau of Indian Affairs before mining rock and other material for the pits in which turbine bases are built. The United States asked that all excavating on the 8,500-acre (3,400 ha) site cease and that dozens of turbines that are already being erected be removed.[15] Osage Wind has insisted that it is not mining and needs no permit. The company says that it has already spent nearly $300 million on the project, which is being built on privately-owned fee land, not land held in trust for American Indians.[13] Osage Wind LLC and a second and adjacent Enel wind project, Mustang Run, are also embroiled in cases pending before the Oklahoma Supreme Court in which the Osage Nation and Osage County, Oklahoma, are challenging the constitutional legitimacy of permits for both projects.[16][17]

On 3 February 2015, a turbine at the hydropower plant at Barber Dam, Boise, Idaho, turned off. A regional operations manager for Enel says it's not clear what caused the shut down, and that an alert system also failed. Boise River water normally flows through at 240 cubic feet per second (6.8 m3/s), but that night it dipped to less than 60 cubic feet per second (1.7 m3/s). The low water level stretched 10 to 15 miles (16 to 24 km) downstream, and brought the Boise River to its driest point in decades. Idaho Fish and Game says they did find some dead fish, and although they believe while adult fish weren't impacted, younger ones could have been.[18]

Operations
European Southern Observatory (ESO) and Enel Green Power officials at the entry into service of the La Silla Observatory photovoltaic power station in northern Chile.[19]

Enel Green Power generates electricity from renewable sources. As of March 2020, it operates in five continents with approximately 1,200 operative plants. The production mix includes geothermal energy, hydropower, solar energy, biomass, and wind power, with a total managed capacity of about 46 GW.[20] More than half of Enel Green Power's plants are located in Italy (about 600 plants), for a net installed capacity of around 14,031 MW.

Enel Green Power has a total 12.6 GW of wind power capacity, representing 27.3% of the total capacity; hydroelectric capacity was 27.9 GW (60.5% of the total); geothermal power 0.9 GW (2.1% of the total); solar power 4.6 GW (9.9% of the total); and electricity from biomass 0.1 GW (0.2% of the total).[21]

Summary table of Enel electric generation capacity in GW as of 30 September 2020[21]
Continent Solar power Wind power Hydropower Geothermal Biomass Total
Europe 0,50 4,06 17,18 0,77 0,06 22,57
America 3,84 8,71 10,66 0,11 23,32
Africa 0,36 0,50 0,86
Oceania 0.31 0.31
Asia 0,17 0,17
Total Enel Green Power 5,01 13,44 27,84 0,88 0,06 47,23

Geothermal

Enel Green Power runs 35 geothermal power plants in Tuscany, with a total capacity of about 765,4 MW, that are able meet more than 30% of the regional consumption.[22][23] Amongst those, the plant of Larderello, built in 1904, is one of the largest in the world.[24][25][26] In the United States Enel Green Power operates five power plants, one of which is a solar-geothermal hybrid. Two of them are located in Churchill County, Nevada, and one is near Cove Fort, Utah.[27][28][29]

Geothermal-biomass hybrid

Enel Green Power brought online Cornia 2, in 2015 in Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa (Tuscany). Cornia 2 is the world's first geothermal-biomass hybrid plant, where the biomass, which comes from agriculture and related activities within 70 km from the plant itself, contribute to heat the geothermal steam up to over double its usual temperature (from 150–160 °C to 370–380 °C), thus increasing the electricity production capacity by 5 MW on top of the current 13 MW.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]

Solar-geothermal hybrid

Enel Green Power has designed and built the first solar-geothermal hybrid plant, that combines the two sources of energy thus increasing the electricity production capacity. The first power plant of this kind, the Stillwater site, is located in Fallon, Nevada (USA), and has received $40 million in tax relief under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.[39][40]

In the first half of 2014 work began to integrate a solar thermal power plant to the structure: today Stillwater has a current net capacity of 86,6 MW.[41][42][43]

In the second half of 2014, Enel Green Power has partnered with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), under the supervision of the US Department of Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), via a cooperative research and development agreement, in order to use the data of the Stillwater plant to further develop the technology.[44][45]

Solar thermal and concentrated solar power

The company also operates in the solar thermal and concentrated solar power (CSP), participating in research and development activities along with ENEA. Based on the studies of Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, in 2010 Enel Green Power built the Archimede combined cycle power plant in Priolo Gargallo in Sicily, with a total capacity of 5 MW. In the plant, parabolic mirrors focus the sun's heat on a fluid of molten salts that reaches temperatures of over 500 °C/932 °F and is able to retain heat for several hours, turning water into steam that then activates the traditional steam turbines system to produce electricity. The objective is to increase the efficiency of this type of plants so as to make them competitive compared to other sources.[46][47][48][49][50][51][52]

Hydropower

In Panama, the company runs the plants of Fortuna, in Chiriquí, which produces 300 MW and covers about 25% of the entire national production of electricity. The plant is located in the Fortuna Forest Reserve.

Enel Green Power operates mainly in Italy (60%) and in South America (40%).

Wind power

Enel Green Power's experience with wind power dates back to 1984, when Enel built the first Italian wind farm in Sardinia. In October 2008, in Kansas, US, the Smoky Hills Wind Farm, with a capacity of 250 MW, came into service, while in January 2008 in Snyder, Texas, Enel Green Power completed the installation of 21 wind turbines of 3 MW each.

Wind power is the second technology by installed capacity, representing 30% of the EGP's total capacity.

Wind-solar hybrid and cogeneration

In 2014, in Ollagüe, Chile, Enel Green Power began the construction of a mini hybrid solar-wind cogeneration plant for the production of both electricity and hot water, which runs independently from the national electricity system and is able to meet the average need of 150 families with an average capacity of 232 kW.

Marine energy

At the end of 2014, Enel Green Power and DCNS were appointed by CORFO (Corporación de Fomento de la Producción) in Chile to research and develop new technologies for the use of marine energy. The Marine Energy Research and Innovation Centre (MERIC) was built to carry out the assignment.

References
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  4. Enel Green Power nel mondo
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