English ship Antelope (1546)

The Antelope was a ship of the English Tudor navy, launched in 1546. She was rebuilt three times, in 1558, 1581 and 1618. She thus served in various forms from the time of King Henry VIII to the English Civil War. She is mostly remembered for being a part of the fleet that defeated the Spanish Armada.

For other ships with the same name, see Antelope (ship) and HMS Antelope.
The Antelope as depicted in the Anthony Roll
History
England
Name: Antelope
Launched: 1546
Fate: Burnt, 1649
Notes:
General characteristics as built
Tons burthen: 300
Propulsion: Sweeps, sails
Complement: 200 officers and men
Armament: 44 guns of various weights of shot
General characteristics after 1558 rebuild
Class and type: 38-gun Galleon
Tons burthen: 341 tons
Propulsion: Sails
Complement: 160 officers, men and soldiers
Armament: 38 guns of various weights of shot
General characteristics after 1581 rebuild
Class and type: 38-gun Galleon
Tons burthen: 350 tons
Propulsion: Sails
Complement: 160 officers, men and soldiers
Armament: 38 guns of various weights of shot
General characteristics after 1618 rebuild[1]
Class and type: 34-gun Middling ship
Tons burthen: 450 tons
Length: 92 ft (28 m) (keel)
Beam: 32 ft (9.8 m)
Depth of hold: 12 ft 6 in (3.81 m)
Propulsion: Sails
Sail plan: Full-rigged ship
Armament: 34 guns of various weights of shot

History of the ship

According to the royal inventory of 1547, the Antelope had a crew of 170 with 30 gunners. Her armaments included; a brass demi-cannon; 3 brass culverins; 4 iron demi-culverins; 3 sakers; 4 port pieces; 2 slings; 2 demi-slings; 2 quarter-slings; 11 iron single bases; 8 hagbuts and 4 hail-shot pieces. Handarms included 50 yew bows, 86 bills, and 72 Moorish pikes.[2] The Antelope was described in a navy list of 5 January 1548 as a "galleass" of 300 tons built in 1546 with a crew of 200 and armed with 4 brass and 40 iron guns.[3] As depicted in the Anthony Roll, she was a flush-decked vessel carrying a battery of guns on the lower deck; she carried a four-masted rig and her lower deck was pierced for nine pairs of gunports. In 1549 she was re-classed from a galleass to a 'ship'. In action against Scotland, the Antelope was one of 12 ships dispersed by a storm off Flamborough Head on Wednesday 27 December 1559. Captain Southwick brought her back to join William Winter's fleet in the Firth of Forth.[4]

She was rebuilt in 1558 as a galleon of 341 tons, acquiring a forecastle and a half-deck aft. In 1581 she was again rebuilt as a race-built galleon of 400 tons.[5] A more detailed description is given in a navy list of 1603 where she is said to have measured 350 tons and had a crew of 160 (consisting of 114 sailors, 16 gunners and 30 soldiers). At this time, Antelope carried 26 heavy and 12 light guns.[6]

She participated in the campaign against the Spanish Armada in 1588, when she had a crew of 170 and mounted 30 guns. The Antelope was captained by Sir Henry Palmer and belonged to the squadron of Lord Henry Seymour in which she took part in the Battle of Gravelines and the chase of the Spanish fleet to the north.[7] In 1597 Antelope, then commanded by Captain Sir Thomas Vavasour, participated in the unsuccessful expedition against the Azores led by the Earl of Essex and Sir Walter Raleigh.[8]

She was again rebuilt in 1618 and classified as a middling ship of 450 tons and 34 guns.[1][9] The only remarkable action in her later career is her participation in Sir Robert Mansells disappointing expedition against Algiers in 1620/1621.[10] In the beginning of October 1624 Antelope - then under the command of Sir Thomas Button - was hit by a storm and driven onto the Goodwin Sands after her anchor cables where cut by a merchant ship. Though she lost all her masts and her rudder she got off into the Downs and was repaired by Phineas Pett whose son John had been on board. He left a description of this incident in his Autobiography.[11]

During the Second English Civil War she was among the ships that were brought over to the royalist side by vice admiral William Batten in June 1648 and carried into Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands.[12] When Prince Rupert was made commander of the badly equipped royalist fleet, he sold Antelope's brass guns to fit out some other ships.[13] In the spring of 1649 Antelope was ready for sea, but her weak crew was surprised by a raid of seamen from the parliamentarian ship Happy Entrance who took the ship without a fight and immediately destroyed her.[14]

Notes
  1. Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 158.
  2. Starkey, David, ed., The Inventory of Henry VIII, vol. 1, Society of Antiquaries (1998), nos. 7180, 7555-7577.
  3. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 1, p. 420.
  4. Calendar of State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (1898), 294, no. 620 (3).
  5. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 1, p. 423.
  6. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 1, p. 425.
  7. Clowes, Royal Navy vol. 1, p. 580, 588-589.
  8. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 1, p. 520
  9. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 2, p. 8
  10. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 2, p. 52.
  11. W. G. Perrin (ed.): The autobiography of Phineas Pett, London 1918, p. 133-134.
  12. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 2, p. 80.
  13. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 2, p. 118.
  14. Clowes, Royal Navy, vol. 2, p. 120.

References
  • Clowes, William Laird: The Royal Navy. A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, vols. 1-2,1896-1898
  • Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.
  • Winfield, Rif (2009) British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603-1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-040-6.
  • Knighton, C. S. & Loades, David M., The Anthony Roll of Henry VIII's Navy: Pepys Library 2991 and British Library Additional MS 22047 with related documents. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot. 2000. ISBN 0-7546-0094-7
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