Explorer 51

Explorer 51
	Explorer 51 (AE-C).
Mission type	Earth science
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	1973-101A[1]
SATCAT no.	6977[2]
Spacecraft properties
Launch mass	658 kg (1,451 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	16 December 1973, 06:18 UTC[3]
Rocket	Delta 1900 585/D99
Launch site	Vandenberg SLC-2W
End of mission
Decay date	12 December 1978[4]
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Medium Earth
Eccentricity	0.24086[1]
Perigee altitude	149 km (93 mi)[1]
Apogee altitude	4,294 km (2,668 mi)[1]
Inclination	68.1°[1]
Period	132.3 minutes[1]
Epoch	16 December 1973[1]
	Explorers Program

Explorer 51, also called as AE-C (Atmospheric Explorer C), was a NASA scientific satellite belonging to series Atmosphere Explorer, being launched on December 16, 1973 from Vandenberg AFB board a Delta 1900 rocket.

Objectives and results

The purpose of the Explorer 51 mission was to investigate the thermosphere, with emphasis on the energy transfer and processes that govern its state. The study of photochemical processes accompanying the absorption of solar UV radiation in the earth's atmosphere was accomplished by making closely coordinated measurements of reacting constituents and the solar input.[1]

The data from Explorer 51 served, among other things, to obtain the angular load distribution around the satellite and compare it with the data of Explorer 31 and model the hydroxyl ion emissions in the Earth's atmosphere.[5]

Instruments

The satellite carried instruments to measure ultraviolet solar radiation, temperature, composition and density of the positive ions, of the neutral particles and of the electrons, to measure atmospheric glow emissions, the energy spectra of the photoelectrons and the protons and electrons flows with energies up to 25 keV.[6]

References

"AE-C". NSSDC Master Catalog. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
n2yo.com. "EXPLORER 51 (AE-C)". Retrieved June 20, 2018.
"Jonathan's Space Page". Jonathan McDowell. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
"Letter dated 16 May 1974 from the Permanent Representative of the United States of America addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). COMMITTEE ON THE PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE (74-13517): 3. UNOOSA. May 23, 1974. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
Samir, U.; Gordon, R.; Brace, L.; Theis, R. (1979). "The near-wake structure of the Atmosphere Explorer C (AE-C) Satellite: A parametric investigation". Journal of Geophysical Research. 84: 513. Bibcode:1983GeoRL..10..896L. doi:10.1029/JA084iA02p00513.
Langhoff, S. R.; Jaffe, R. L.; Yee, J. H.; Dalgarno, A. (1983). "The surface glow of the Atmosphere Explorer C and E satellites". Geophysical Research Letters. 10 (9): 896–899. Bibcode:1983GeoRL..10..896L. doi:10.1029/GL010i009p00896.

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[nssdc-1] "AE-C". NSSDC Master Catalog. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

[n2yo-2] 2yo.com. "EXPLORER 51 (AE-C)". Retrieved June 20, 2018.

[jonathan-3] "Jonathan's Space Page". Jonathan McDowell. Retrieved 2018-06-20.

[4] "Letter dated 16 May 1974 from the Permanent Representative of the United States of America addressed to the Secretary-General" (PDF). COMMITTEE ON THE PEACEFUL USES OF OUTER SPACE (74-13517): 3. UNOOSA. May 23, 1974. Retrieved 2018-06-20.

[5] Samir, U.; Gordon, R.; Brace, L.; Theis, R. (1979). "The near-wake structure of the Atmosphere Explorer C (AE-C) Satellite: A parametric investigation". Journal of Geophysical Research. 84: 513. Bibcode:1983GeoRL..10..896L. doi:10.1029/JA084iA02p00513.

[6] Langhoff, S. R.; Jaffe, R. L.; Yee, J. H.; Dalgarno, A. (1983). "The surface glow of the Atmosphere Explorer C and E satellites". Geophysical Research Letters. 10 (9): 896–899. Bibcode:1983GeoRL..10..896L. doi:10.1029/GL010i009p00896.