Ferguson P99

The Ferguson P99 was a four-wheel drive Formula One car built by Ferguson Research Ltd. for the Rob Walker Racing Team. It was the first AWD F1 car to race and used a 1.5-litre Climax engine. It remains the most famous example of its type as a result of its twin claims to fame: the first AWD car, and the last front-engined car to win a Formula 1 event.[1]

Ferguson P99

Category	Formula One
Constructor	Ferguson
Designer(s)	Claude Hill
Technical specifications
Chassis	Tubular Spaceframe
Engine	Coventry Climax FPF 1496 cc L4 naturally aspirated front-mounted.
Transmission	5-speed manual
Tyres	Dunlop
Competition history
Notable entrants	Rob Walker Racing Team
Notable drivers	Stirling Moss Jack Fairman
Debut	1961 British Grand Prix
Races Wins Poles F.Laps 1 0 0 0
Constructors' Championships	0
Drivers' Championships	0
n.b. Unless otherwise stated, all data refer to Formula One World Championship Grands Prix only.

Fred Dixon and Tony Rolt considered the possibility of using 4WD in circuit racing, and with Harry Ferguson keen to promote the transmission systems of his Ferguson tractor firm work began on the P99 in 1960. With a 50–50 torque distribution front to rear the car, Claude Hill's design, was built to have an even weight distribution over both axles, which along with the position of the gearbox necessitated a front-engined design despite Cooper's and Lotus's overwhelming recent success with mid-engined cars. Just as the project was nearing completion it was dealt something of a body blow by the governing body's decision to reduce the size of F1 engines by 40% for 1961, making the extra weight of the AWD transmission a much bigger penalty.[2] Nevertheless, the team persevered and fitted a standard 1.5-litre Climax 4-cylinder engine, mounted at a slant to make room for the front driveshaft. In addition the driving position was moved slightly off-centre to accommodate the gearbox and rear driveshaft to the driver's left hand side.[2]

The car was first raced in the 1961 British Empire Trophy, where Rob Walker put Jack Fairman in the car, but the start was an inauspicious one as Fairman crashed on lap 2. In the British Grand Prix at Aintree, Fairman drove the car again, but surrendered it to Stirling Moss after his Walker-entered Lotus 18 failed. The car was disqualified for outside assistance on lap 56.[2] The car's last major F1 race was its moment of motor racing immortality, as Moss drove the P99 to victory in a damp International Gold Cup at Oulton Park.[2] In February 1963, the car, having been fitted with a 2.5-litre Climax engine, was driven by Graham Hill in the Australian Grand Prix at Warwick Farm and the Lakeside International at Lakeside, placing sixth and second respectively.[2] The P99's final racing action came in the British Hillclimb championship in 1964, 1965, and 1966, with Peter Westbury winning the title in 1964.[2]

The P99 was later used as the basis for the AWD Ferguson P104 Novi Indycar, which Bobby Unser drove in the Indy 500 in 1964 and 1965, retiring on both occasions.

In a 1997 interview for Motor Sport magazine, Sir Stirling Moss nominated the P99 as his favourite of all the F1 cars he drove.