Fibrinogen gamma chain

Fibrinogen gamma chain, also known as fibrinogen gamma gene (FGG), is a human gene found on chromosome 4.

FGG
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1DUG, 1FIB, 1FIC, 1FID, 1FZA, 1FZB, 1FZC, 1FZE, 1FZF, 1FZG, 1LT9, 1LTJ, 1N86, 1N8E, 1RE3, 1RE4, 1RF0, 1RF1, 2A45, 2FFD, 2FIB, 2H43, 2HLO, 2HOD, 2HPC, 2HWL, 2OYH, 2OYI, 2Q9I, 2VDO, 2VDP, 2VDQ, 2VDR, 2VR3, 2XNX, 2XNY, 2Y7L, 2Z4E, 3BVH, 3E1I, 3FIB, 3GHG, 3H32, 3HUS, 4B60
Identifiers
Aliases	FGG, fibrinogen gamma chain
External IDs	OMIM: 134850 MGI: 95526 HomoloGene: 429 GeneCards: FGG
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4q32.1 Start 154,604,134 bp[1] End 154,612,967 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse)[2] Band 3 E3|3 36.94 cM Start 83,007,724 bp[2] End 83,015,049 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding, bridging • structural molecule activity • metal ion binding • GO:0001948 protein binding • receptor binding • cell adhesion molecule binding • protein homodimerization activity • extracellular matrix structural constituent Cellular component • cytoplasm • platelet alpha granule • blood microparticle • cell membrane • fibrinogen • extracellular region • cell surface • extracellular exosome • platelet alpha granule lumen • external side of plasma membrane • extracellular • endoplasmic reticulum lumen • collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process • hemostasis • negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process • positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion • protein polymerization • positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion • fibrinolysis • platelet degranulation • blood coagulation • extracellular matrix organization • protein secretion • response to calcium ion • positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors • positive regulation of vasoconstriction • positive regulation of protein secretion • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • positive regulation of exocytosis • blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation • plasminogen activation • cell-matrix adhesion • platelet aggregation • signal transduction • platelet activation • toll-like receptor signaling pathway • platelet maturation • cellular response to interleukin-1 • cellular response to interleukin-6 • negative regulation of platelet aggregation • post-translational modification • cellular protein metabolic process • cellular macromolecular complex assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2266	99571
Ensembl	ENSG00000171557	ENSMUSG00000033860
UniProt	P02679	Q8VCM7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_021870 NM_000509	NM_133862 NM_001317105
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000500 NP_068656	NP_001304034 NP_598623
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 154.6 – 154.61 Mb	Chr 3: 83.01 – 83.02 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The protein encoded by this gene is the gamma component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein composed of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombophilia.[5] Alternative splicing of the mRNA chain results in two transcript variants; the common γA chain and the alternatively spliced γ' chain. Approximately 10% of the total plasma fibrinogen consists of γA/γ' fibrinogen, with <1% consisting of γ'/γ' fibrinogen. Increased and decreased levels of γA/γ' fibrinogen have been associated with coronary artery disease and deep vein thrombosis respectively. In the lung parenchyma of smokers, upregulation of FGG transcript levels has been reported. [6]