Five Blues Lake National Park

Five Blues Lake was established as a national park in April 1991. Since the boundaries were not clearly defined, it was enlarged in April 1994, to approximately 1640 hectares, (4,000 acres).[1] Prior to the declaration the area was mainly exploited by people for fishing, hunting, and farming. Thereafter, the site became managed by a local Non-governmental Organization (NGO), called the Association of Friends of Five Blues Lake. The lake is believed to have formed because of a blockage of an underground waterway, which is a normal feature in karstic landscape. Also, various small streams helped in the creation of the lake.

167 species of birds have been identified in the park, and over 20 species of bats.[2] The Five Wild cats of Belize (Jaguar, Jaguarundi, Margay, Mountain Lion and Ocelot) are said to reside within the park, which is also home to Howler Monkeys, Tapir, Gibnut, Peccary and Armadillo. Although there have not been studies about the aquatic life that exists in the lake, two species of fish have been found; Bay Snook and Tuba.

St Margaret's Village

Five Blues lake is surrounded by deciduous forest and lime-living vegetation. Selective logging, chicle and rubber tapping, fruit gathering and other extractive uses, ancient Maya silvicultural practices, and clearing for various types of agriculture have had considerable effects on the forest over time, but today the park is sustainably managed by the local community.

The lake is found in a karstic area with alluvial spots. The park also contains caves, sinkholes and exposed rock faces. The parcel contains calcareous soil, mainly shallow and stony, some drained clay areas, riverine alluvium in the valleys but most soil is limestone in origin. Steep hills surround the 7.4 acres lake with seasonal swamp. The lake appears to be fed by small underground creeks.[3] It has a small island with an abundance of orchids. Five Blues hydrological structure is similar to that of Blue Hole National Park. The lake collects approximately 104 inches of rainfall annually. Its elevation is between 50 feet and 1180 feet above sea level. The park has water flows over, under and through it which end into the Sibun River.

Unfortunately in 2006, the lake experienced a drought. Survey conducted determined that heavy rainfall, in June and July 2006, led to flood, which removed sediments fills or organic wreckage in the caves. Average monthly rainfall at Hummingbird villages totaled 432 millimeter in June and 672 millimeter in July 2006. The rapid drainage of the lake still remains uncertain. It is believed that it may have resulted from failure of a plug in the lake bed cenote that eased near-vertical discharged into underlying cave channels. Although prior reports of rapid drainage of cenote did not exist, heavy rainfall may have increased pressure in the lake, but there is no evidence of a lake-bottom plug either prior to drainage or as a result of sediment erosion before refilling, and the reported depth of the cenote, which puts it well below sea level, suggests that vertical drainage is unlikely.[4] Another cause could be that of an unblocking incident downstream, which lead the water to drain out. This explanation is said to be more probable. Meerman reported that local residents had previously noted sudden fluctuations in the lake and that turbidity appeared to have become less seasonally predictable, perhaps presaging later developments. Furthermore, local residents exclaimed that after the drainage of the lake there was a new, smaller lake on another part of the park, that could conclude to an underground connection.

St. Margaret's (Santa Martha) Village is located on Hummingbird Highway and Lagoon Road at Mile 32.[5] The name St. Margaret's is now used to refer specifically to an area of government sub-divided land near Mile 32 that was set up about 5 years ago to accommodate a flood of Spanish-speaking immigrants. The village has mostly unsurveyed land, referred to as the older area of settlement. The village is said to be the refuge of many immigrants in the early 1980s. In 1980, the village had a population of 60 residents, in 1991 it increased to 415 and later on to 600-700 people.

• Park website