Flavoparmelia

Flavoparmelia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens.[1] The widely distributed genus contains 32 species.[2] It was circumscribed by American lichenologist Mason Hale in 1986 to contain 17 former Pseudoparmelia species with broad lobes, usnic acid in the cortex, and isolichenan in the cell walls.[3]

Flavoparmelia
Flavoparmelia caperata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Flavoparmelia
Hale (1986)
Type species
Flavoparmelia caperata
(L.) Hale (1986)

Description

Flavoparmelia lichens are medium sized foliose lichens that are yellow-green in colour, with a thallus comprising rounded lobed that measure 2–8 mm wide, which form flat and loosely attached patches that are 6–20 cm (2.4–7.9 in) wide. Older parts of the upper thallus surface are wrinkled, while the newer parts are smooth. There is a black lower surface with simple, unbranched rhizines, and a distinct bare zone around the margin. The photobiont partner is green algae from genus Trebouxia.[1] Flavoparmelia has larger spores than other segregate genera of Pseudoparmelia.

Species
Flavoparmelia soredians
  • Flavoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyeln. & Fóriss) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia caperatula (Nyl.) Elix, O.Blanco & A.Crespo (2010)
  • Flavoparmelia citrinescens (Gyeln.) O.Blanco, A.Crespo & Elix (2010)
  • Flavoparmelia diffractaica Elix & J.Johnst. (1988)[4]
  • Flavoparmelia ecuadorensis T.H.Nash, Elix & J.Johnst. (1987)
  • Flavoparmelia euplecta (Stirt.) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia ferax (Müll.Arg.) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia haysomii (C.W.Dodge) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia haywardiana Elix & J.Johnst. (1988)[4]
  • Flavoparmelia helmsii (Kurok. & Filson) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia kantvilasii Elix (1993)[5] – New South Wales
  • Flavoparmelia marchantii Elix, O.Blanco & A.Crespo (2005)[6] – Australia
  • Flavoparmelia norfolkensis Elix & Streimann (1989)[7] – Norfolk Island
  • Flavoparmelia plicata Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)[8] – Brazil
  • Flavoparmelia proeuplecta Elix & J.Johnst. (1988)[4]
  • Flavoparmelia rutidota (Hook.f. & Taylor) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia scabrosina Elix & J.Johnst. (1988)[4]
  • Flavoparmelia secalonica Elix & J.Johnst. (1988)[4]
  • Flavoparmelia soredians (Nyl.) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia springtonensis (Elix) Hale (1986)
  • Flavoparmelia subambigua (Hale) O.Blanco, A.Crespo & Elix (2010)
  • Flavoparmelia succinprotocetrarica Elix & J.Johnst. (1988)[4]
  • Flavoparmelia virensica Elix, O.Blanco & A.Crespo (2010)

References
  1. Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-0300082494.
  2. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; LKT, Al-Ani; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; Tsurykau, Andrei; Mesic, Armin; Navathe, Sudhir; Papp, Viktor; Oliveira Fiuza, Patrícia; Vázquez, Víctor; Gautam, Ajay; Becerra, Alejandra G.; Ekanayaka, Anusha; K. C., Rajeshkumar; Bezerra, Jadson; Matočec, Neven; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa; Suetrong, Satinee (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  3. Hale, M.E. 1986. "Flavoparmelia, a new genus in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina)". Mycotaxon. 25 (2): 603–605.
  4. Elix, John A.; Johnston, Jen (1988). "New species and new reports of Flavoparmelia (lichenized Ascomycotina) from the Southern Hemisphere". Mycotaxon. 33: 391–400.
  5. Elix, John A. (1993). "New species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australia". Mycotaxon. 47: 101–129.
  6. Elix, John A.; Blanco, Oscar; Crespo, Ana (2005). "A new species of Flavoparmelia (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Western Australia" (PDF). Australasian Lichenology. 56: 12–15.
  7. Elix, John A.; Streimann, Heinar (1989). "The lichens of Norfolk Island 1: Introduction and the family Parmeliaceae". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 111 (2): 103–122.
  8. Aptroot, André; Cáceres, Marcela Eugenia da Silva (2014). "A key to the corticolous microfoliose, foliose and related crustose lichens from Rondônia, Brazil, with the description of four new species". Lichenologist. 46 (6): 783–799. doi:10.1017/S0024282914000358.
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