Forest Hills, Queens

Forest Hills is a mostly residential neighborhood in the central portion of the borough of Queens in New York City. It is adjacent to Corona to the north, Rego Park and Glendale to the west, Forest Park to the south, Kew Gardens to the southeast, and Flushing Meadows–Corona Park to the east.[lower-alpha 1]

Forest Hills
Neighborhood of Queens
Location within New York City
Coordinates: 40.715°N 73.845°W / 40.715; -73.845
Country United States
State New York
City New York City
County/Borough Queens
Community DistrictQueens 6[1]
Area
 • Total7 km2 (2.6 sq mi)
 • Land6 km2 (2.4 sq mi)
 • Water0.5 km2 (0.2 sq mi)
Population
 • Total83,728
 • Density13,470/km2 (34,886/sq mi)
 [2]
Ethnicity
 • White59.58%
 • Asian23.7%
 • Hispanic12.03%
 • Black3.73%
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Code
11375
Area codes718, 347, 929, and 917

The area was originally referred to as "Whitepot".[5] The current name comes from the Cord Meyer Development Company, which bought 660 acres (270 ha) in central Queens in 1906 and renamed it after Forest Park. Further development came in the 1920s and 1930s with the widening of Queens Boulevard through the neighborhood, as well as the opening of the New York City Subway's Queens Boulevard Line. Forest Hills has a longstanding association with tennis: the Forest Hills Stadium hosted the U.S. Open until 1978 and the West Side Tennis Club offers grass courts for its members. The area's main commercial street, Austin Street, contains many restaurants and chain stores.

Forest Hills is located in Queens Community District 6 and its ZIP Code is 11375.[1] It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 112th Precinct.[6] Politically, Forest Hills is represented by the New York City Council's 29th District.[7]

History
Austin Street, the main shopping area, c. 2006
Southeastern portion of Austin Street with typical Queens six-story red brick apartment buildings on one side and residential homes on the other
Queens Boulevard, looking eastward

Development

The development of adjacent Forest Park, a park on the southern end of Forest Hills, began in 1895. Starting in 1896, the landscape architecture firm of Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot was contracted to provide a plan for the park.[4]:469

In 1906, the Cord Meyer Development Company, headed by Brooklyn attorney Cord Meyer, bought abutting land made up of six farms (those of Ascan Bakus, Casper Joost-Springsteen, Horatio N. Squire, Abram V. S. Lott, Sarah V. Bolmer, and James Van Siclen). The company then renamed the aggregate 600 acres (240 ha) "Forest Hills", after Forest Park. Single-family homes, designed by architects such as Robert Tappan and William Patterson, were constructed on these 600 acres.[4]:469 The roads of Forest Hills were laid out by 1910.[4]:470 The present-day Ascan Avenue in Forest Hills is named after Ascan Bakus.

Margaret Sage, the founder of the Russell Sage Foundation, bought 142 acres (57 ha) of land from the Cord Meyer Development Company in 1908. This land was to be used for "Forest Hills Gardens", a development at the southern side of Forest Hills.[4]:470 Grosvenor Atterbury, a renowned architect, was given the commission to design Forest Hills Gardens. The neighborhood was planned on the model of the garden communities of England, with its own inn, garage, and post office. It also included narrow, winding roads to limit through traffic. As a result, there are many Tudor-style homes in Forest Hills. The more sprawling ones are located in Forest Hills Gardens, but most are located in the section loosely bounded by 68th Avenue on the north; 72nd Road on the south; 108th Street on the west; and Grand Central Parkway on the east.[4]:470[8] The construction of this area used a prefabricated building technique; each house was built from approximately 170 standardized precast concrete panels, fabricated off-site and positioned by crane.[9] The houses were mostly constructed between 1910 and 1917.[4]:470

The Long Island Rail Road opened a station in Forest Hills in 1911,[10] and the Queens Boulevard trolley line opened two years later.[11] The LIRR station was built with a brick courtyard, a clock tower, and arch-filled underpasses, fitting in with the Forest Hills Gardens section of the neighborhood.[4]:470 Since the railroad and trolley both connected to Manhattan, the presence of these two transportation options spurred development in Forest Hills.[4]:469

Growth

In 1914, the West Side Tennis Club moved from Manhattan to Forest Hills Gardens.[4]:469 They constructed the Forest Hills Tennis Stadium, a stadium with approximately 13,000 seats, in 1923.[4]:469[12] The U.S. Open and its predecessor national championships were held there until 1978, making Forest Hills synonymous with tennis for generations.[13] Forest Hills also had a golfing presence for a short time. The Queens Valley Golf Club started constructing a golf course in the neighborhood in 1922[14] and it was open by 1924.[4]:469 However, the club was closed in 1938 so that developers could build housing atop the site of the course.[15]

Queens Boulevard was widened in the 1920s.[4]:469 Planning for a Queens Boulevard subway line started around this time. There were proposals for two stations in Forest Hills: an express station serving all trains on 71st Avenue, and a local station at 75th Avenue.[16][17] During the late 1920s, in anticipation of the arrival of the subway, land was bought by developers and was built up.[18] Zoning laws were changed to allow fifteen-story apartment buildings to be built,[19] and made the neighborhood of Forest Hills a more desirable place to live, especially as it was an express stop. Queens Borough President George Harvey predicted that the introduction of the subway to Forest Hills would turn Queens Boulevard into the "Park Avenue of Queens."[18]:73 Excavation for the line started in 1931,[4]:469 and the two subway stops in Forest Hills opened in 1936 along with six other stations on the Queens Boulevard line.[20]

The population nearly doubled in the late 1920s, going from 9,500 residents in 1927 to 18,207 residents three years later. By 1940, after the subway opened, the population had increased to 32,500 residents.[4]:469 By this time, development had largely stopped due to World War II, and about 25 empty lots in Forest Hills Gardens were developed after the war. At the same time, the single-family houses in Forest Hills were being razed to create new apartment buildings. The land in Forest Hills Gardens was fully developed by the 1960s, but there would still be empty lots in Forest Hills itself until the mid-1990s.[4]:469–470

Later history

In 1972, residents protested against Forest Hills Houses, a proposed public housing development with three 24-story buildings at 62nd Drive and 108th Street. Middle-class residents believed that the public housing would depreciate the community's quality of life because poor residents would move into the housing. Advocates for the project accused residents of racism, since the proposed development's residents would be mostly people of minority races.[21] Mayor John Lindsay garnered significant opposition due to the controversy surrounding Forest Hills Houses. Mario Cuomo, a lawyer and the future Governor of New York, was assigned to mediate the dispute and succeeded in halving the size of the project. The New York City Housing Authority ultimately implemented a rigorous screening process for prospective residents of Forest Hills Houses, with quotas for elderly and poorer tenants.[21][4]:469

During the 1970s and 1980s, the neighborhood became more racially diverse. Discriminatory covenants for prospective Forest Hills Gardens residents were lifted, and immigrants from Iran, India, Israel, and the Soviet Union started residing in Forest Hills.[4]:470

Demographics
Post office, which displays a sports theme

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Forest Hills was 86,364, an increase of 1,318 (1.5%) from the 85,046 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,328.22 acres (537.51 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 63.0 inhabitants per acre (40,300/sq mi; 15,600/km2).[2]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 58.3% (48,822) White, 2.5% (2,086) African American, 0.1% (63) Native American, 24.2% (20,233) Asian, 0.0% (22) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (373) from other races, and 2.1% (1,719) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.4% (10,410) of the population.[22]

The entirety of Community Board 6, which comprises Forest Hills and Rego Park, had 115,119 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.4 years.[23]:2, 20 This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[24]:53 (PDF p. 84)[25] Most inhabitants are middle-aged and elderly adults: 31% are between the ages of 25–44, 28% between 45–64, and 19% over 64. The ratio of young and college-aged residents was lower, at 16% and 5% respectively.[23]:2

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 4 was $75,447.[26] In 2018, an estimated 26% of Forest Hills and Rego Park residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in seventeen residents (6%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 50% in Forest Hills and Rego Park, lower than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Forest Hills and Rego Park is considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[23]:7

Land use
Forest Hills Gardens, part of Forest Hills
The Church-in-the-Gardens in Forest Hills Gardens

The southern part of Forest Hills contains a particularly diverse mixture of upscale housing, ranging from single-family houses, attached townhouses, and both low-rise and high-rise apartment buildings. South of the Long Island Rail Road, the Forest Hills Gardens area is a private community that features some of the most expensive residential properties in Queens County. Until the 1970s, it was subject to restrictive covenants which, while containing no explicit economic, social or racial restrictions,[27] effectively excluded "working-class people", as noted by Eric P. Nash in his 2002 New York Times book review of A Modern Arcadia.[28] Forest Hills Gardens was named "Best Community" in 2007 by Cottage Living Magazine.[29] The adjacent Van Court community also contains a number of detached single-family homes. There are also attached townhouses near the Westside Tennis Center and detached frame houses near Metropolitan Avenue.

The north side of Forest Hills is home to the Cord Meyer community, which contains detached single-family homes. Teardowns and their replacement with larger single family residences has had a significant impact on the architectural integrity of the area.[30] However, the Bukharian Jewish community, whose members have settled in the area in large numbers since the late 1990s, advocating the changes say the bigger homes are needed for their large extended families.[31]

On the northwestern edge of Forest Hills, on 62nd Drive and 108th Street immediately adjacent to the Long Island Expressway, is the Forest Hills Co-op Houses, a New York City Housing Authority low-income housing project. Its construction provoked controversy[32] among the residents in the more prestigious areas of Forest Hills when it was constructed in the early 1970s.[21]

The southeastern portion of Forest Hills contains Forest Hills South, a complex of 7 Georgian apartment buildings centered around a private English garden, which was formerly a mapped portion of 113th Street prior to the complex's construction in 1939. This enclave was designed by Philip Birnbaum.[33][34]

Philip Birnbaum and Alfred Kaskel also designed and constructed numerous apartment buildings scattered throughout Forest Hills.[35] These include the Grover Cleveland, the Van Buren Apartments, the Thomas Jefferson, the Maplewood, the Richard Apartments, the Stephen Apartments, the James Madison, the Cedar Apartments, the Howard Apartments, the James Monroe, the Nathan Hale, the St. Regis, the Roanoke, and the Kennedy House. Birnbaum and Kaskel's buildings largely remain standing, and are distinguished by their spacious lobbies, interior courtyards with fountains, curved brick corner terraces, and sunlit exposures.[36][34] Other notable high-rise apartment buildings include the Continental (on 108th Street), the Pinnacle, Parker Towers, the Windsor and a 17-story luxury condo building completed in 2014, the Aston.

Points of interest

Forest Hills was once the home of the U.S. Open tennis tournament. The event was held at the West Side Tennis Club before it moved to the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, about 4 miles (6.4 km) away. When the Open was played at the tennis stadium, the tournament was commonly referred to merely as Forest Hills, just as All-England Lawn Tennis Association Championships are referred to simply as Wimbledon. In the 2001 motion picture, The Royal Tenenbaums, Luke Wilson's character plays a tennis match at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills. A pivotal scene in Alfred Hitchcock's 1951 film Strangers on a Train, in which the main character (played by Farley Granger) is a professional tennis player, features a lengthy championship game at the Club, with distinctive shots of the surrounding community. The Tennis Stadium, which hosted numerous music concerts including The Beatles after the U.S. Open departed for Flushing Meadows, resumed hosting music concerts during the summer of 2013 when the British rock band Mumford & Sons played there to an overflowing crowd. Stadium officials have said they will now host as many as six music or cultural events at the Stadium each season.

Austin Street is a busy, modern street with shops, cafes, restaurants, and other stores that acts as the center of Forest Hills. It has become a place people visit from other neighborhoods because of its charm.

Two monuments are erected in Forest Hills Gardens: a tribute to the victims of World War I, the "Great War"; and the mast of the Columbia, the winner of the America's Cup yacht races in both 1899 and 1901.

The Church-in-the-Gardens, St. Luke's Episcopal Church, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[37]

Panoramic view of the skyline
Panoramic view of Station Square

Police and crime

Forest Hills and Rego Park are patrolled by the 112th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 68-40 Austin Street.[6] The 112th Precinct ranked 6th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. The area's low crime rate is attributed to its seclusion and reputation as a "suburb within the city".[38] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 14 per 100,000 people, Forest Hills and Rego Park's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 102 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[23]:8

The 112th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 91.5% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 0 murders, 18 rapes, 41 robberies, 53 felony assaults, 69 burglaries, 403 grand larcenies, and 37 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[39]

Fire safety

Forest Hills contains a New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 305/Ladder Co. 151, at 111-02 Queens Boulevard.[40][41]

Health

As of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Forest Hills and Rego Park than in other places citywide. In Forest Hills and Rego Park, there were 66 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 4.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[23]:11 Forest Hills and Rego Park have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11%, slightly lower than the citywide rate of 12%.[23]:14

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Forest Hills and Rego Park is 0.0075 milligrams per cubic metre (7.5×10−9 oz/cu ft), equal to the city average.[23]:9 Ten percent of Forest Hills and Rego Park residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[23]:13 In Forest Hills and Rego Park, 19% of residents are obese, 7% are diabetic, and 20% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 20%, 14%, and 24% respectively.[23]:16 In addition, 11% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[23]:12

Ninety-three percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 82% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," higher than the city's average of 78%.[23]:13 For every supermarket in Forest Hills and Rego Park, there are 5 bodegas.[23]:10

Long Island Jewish Forest Hills is located in Forest Hills.[42]

Post office and ZIP Code

Forest Hills is covered by ZIP Code 11375.[43] The United States Post Office operates the Forest Hills Station at 92-24 Queens Boulevard.[44]

Education

Forest Hills and Rego Park generally have a higher percentage of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. The majority of residents (62%) have a college education or higher, while 8% have less than a high school education and 30% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[23]:6 The percentage of Forest Hills and Rego Park students excelling in math rose from 42% in 2000 to 61% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 48% to 49% during the same time period.[45]

Forest Hills and Rego Park's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Forest Hills and Rego Park, 10% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, lower than the citywide average of 20%.[24]:24 (PDF p. 55)[23]:6 Additionally, 91% of high school students in Forest Hills and Rego Park graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[23]:6

K–12 schools
Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Roman Catholic Church
Forest Hills High School
Russell Sage Junior High School

Public schools

Forest Hills contains the following public elementary schools which serve grades PK–5 unless otherwise indicated:

  • PS 101 School In The Gardens[46]
  • PS 144 Col. Jeromus Remsen School[47]
  • PS 174 William Sidney Mount[48]
  • PS 175 Lynn Gross Discovery School[49]
  • PS 196 Grand Central Parkway[50]
  • PS 220 Edward Mandel[51]
  • PS 303 The Academy for Excellence through the Arts (grades PK–4)[52]

The following public middle schools serve Forest Hills:

  • JHS 157 Stephen A. Halsey (grades 6–9)[53]
  • MS 167 Metropolitan Expeditionary Learning School (grades 6–12)[54]
  • JHS 190 Russell Sage (grades 6–8)[55]

There are no zoned high schools in New York City. The following high schools in Forest Hills serve grades 9–12:

Private schools

Private schools in Forest Hills include two Catholic schools (Our Lady of Mercy and Our Lady Queen of Martyrs) and The Kew-Forest School, an independent school.[58][59][60] Also located in Forest Hills is Yeshiva Gedolah Lubavitch, an ultra orthodox Chabad high school and branch of Tomchei Temimim.[61]

Colleges

Bramson ORT College was an undergraduate college operated by the American branch of the Jewish charity World ORT. Its main campus was in Forest Hills, with a satellite campus in Brooklyn. It closed in February 2017 after failing to meet standards set by the New York State Education Department Board of Regents and losing its accreditation.[62] Touro College/NYSCAS has a branch location in Forest Hills. Plaza College, a small regionally-accredited college offering associates and bachelors degrees, is also located in Forest Hills.

Libraries

The Queens Public Library operates two branches in Forest Hills. The Forest Hills branch is located at 108-19 71st Avenue,[63] while the North Forest Park branch is located at 98-27 Metropolitan Avenue.[64]

Transportation
The subway station
The LIRR station

Public transportation

The following MTA Regional Bus Operations bus routes serve Forest Hills:[65]

The following New York City Subway stations serve Forest Hills:[80]

The neighborhood also has two Long Island Rail Road commuter rail stations: the Forest Hills station and the Kew Gardens station.[81]

Road

The main thoroughfare is Queens Boulevard; the street's width and complexity have led to a large number of pedestrian deaths, earning it the moniker "Boulevard of Death".[82] Metropolitan Avenue is known for its antique shops. The commercial heart of Forest Hills is a mile-long stretch of Austin Street between Yellowstone Boulevard and Ascan Avenue: the latter thoroughfare was named in 1909 by developer Frederick Backus for his own father, Ascan Backus, II.[83]

Parks and recreation

Forest Hills is bordered by two of the largest parks in Queens managed by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation: the 1,255 acres (5.08 km2) Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, which is the site of two World's Fairs (in 1939 and 1964) and the iconic Unisphere;[84] as well as the 544 acres (2.20 km2) Forest Park.[85] Within Forest Hills, parks and playgrounds include the Yellowstone Municipal Park – Katzman Playground (located on Yellowstone Boulevard, between 68th Avenue and 68th Road);[86] the Annadale Playground (located on Yellowstone Boulevard, between 64th Road and 65th Avenue);[87] the Willow Lake Playground (located off the Grand Central Parkway, between 71st and 72nd Avenues);[88] the Ehrenreich-Austin Playground (located on Austin Street, between 76th Avenue and 76th Drive);[89] and the Russell Sage Playground (located on 68th Avenue, between Booth and Austin Streets).[90]

Forest Hills was featured as the home setting for fictional comic book character Spider-Man, where under the alias Peter Parker he grew up at 20 Ingram Street (40.712805°N 73.843281°W / 40.712805; -73.843281 (20 Ingram Street)). In the series the home was depicted as a modest, two-story boarding house run by his Aunt May.[91][92][93]

The Ramones originated in Forest Hills. The band was recognized with the designation in 2017 of Ramones Way at 67th Avenue and 110th Street, in front of Forest Hills High School.[94]

Simon and Garfunkel both graduated from Forest Hills High School in 1958. The duo performed at Forest Hills Stadium in 1966, 1967, 1968, and two nights in 1970. Paul Simon returned once again to Forest Hills Stadium in 2016 during his Homeward Bound farewell tour.[95]

Notable people

Notes
  1. As in many New York City neighborhoods, the precise boundaries are disputed. The north, east, and south boundaries are the Long Island Expressway (LIE), Grand Central Parkway, and Union Turnpike, respectively. Google Maps shows the western boundary running roughly along 102nd Street, 67th Avenue, and the Long Island Rail Road's former Rockaway Beach Branch;[3] while the Encyclopedia of New York City defines the western boundary as Junction Boulevard and the former Rockaway Beach Branch.[4]:469

References
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  117. Staff. "John Hogan, Radio Expert, Dies; Co-Founder of WQXR Was 71; Developed High-Fidelity Aids and Facsimile Transmission – Worked With de Forest", The New York Times, December 30, 1960. Accessed July 5, 2016. "John Vincent Lawless Hogan, who invented single dial radio tuning and was co-founder of radio station WQXR, died yesterday at his home, 239 Greenway South, Forest Hills, Queens, after a long illness."
  118. Staff. "Ex-Mayor Hylan Dies Suddenly Of Heart Attack; Stricken After Retiring in His Forest Hills Home, Succumbs Within a Few Minutes. Mayor From 1918 TO 1925 An Up-State Farm Boy With Little Schooling, He Studied Law While Working", The New York Times, January 12, 1936. Accessed July 5, 2016. "Former Mayor John F. Hylan died of a heart attack about 1:15 o'clock this morning in his residence at 2 Olive Place, Forest Hills, Queens."
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  121. Li, Kenneth. "Making A Fashionable Exit Donna Karan Resigns As CEO" Archived September 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, New York Daily News, July 29, 1997. Accessed June 17, 2009. "The move follows months of turmoil for the Forest Hills, Queens-born designer, who has become one of the world's best-known brands by creating sophisticated yet comfortable clothing that women cherish as both casual and evening wear."
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  139. Spotlight: Marco Oppedisano"Oppedisano’s complex, highly textured works are not meant to be performed live, though Oppedisano has been known to play out with backing tracks or in improvisatory solo and duo situations. His meticulously edited work can be enjoyed on his records, celebrating the myriad, evocative tonal possibilities contained in this instrument we love."
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