Forty Thousand Horsemen

Forty Thousand Horsemen (aka 40,000 Horsemen) is a 1940 Australian war film directed by Charles Chauvel. The film tells the story of the Australian Light Horse (mounted rifleman as distinct from cavalry) which operated in the desert at the Sinai and Palestine campaign during World War I. It follows the adventures of three rowdy heroes in fighting and romance. The film culminates at the Battle of Beersheba which is reputedly "the last successful cavalry charge in history". The film was clearly a propaganda weapon, to aid in recruitment and lift the pride of Australians at home during World War II. It was one of the most successful Australian movies of its day.[9] It was later remade in 1987 as The Lighthorsemen.

Forty Thousand Horsemen
Directed byCharles Chauvel
Produced byCharles Chauvel
Written byCharles Chauvel[1]
Elsa Chauvel
E. V. Timms
StarringGrant Taylor
Chips Rafferty
Pat Twohill
Music byLindley Evans[2]
Alfred Hill
Willy Redstone[3]
CinematographyGeorge Heath
Frank Hurley
John Heyer
Edited byWilliam Shepherd
Production
company
Famous Feature Films
Distributed byUniversal Pictures (Australia)
Goodwill Pictures Corporation[4]
Monogram Pictures (USA)
Release date
26 December 1940 (Australia)
22 August 1941 (UK)[5]
14 August 1941 (USA)
Running time
100 minutes (Aust)
89 mins (UK)
CountryAustralia
LanguageEnglish
Budget£30,000[6][7]
Box office£130,000[8]

From the Prologue to the movie

When Germany stretched greedy hands towards the Middle East in the war or 1914–1918, a great cavalry force came into being.

They were the men from Australia and New Zealand – The ANZACS – the "Mad Bushmen" – the men from "Downunder". Call them what you will – their glories can never grow dim.

They met the Germanised Army in the burning desert of Sinai.

They fought and suffered to emerge triumphant – the greatest cavalry force of modern times.

To these dauntless riders and their gallant horses this story is dedicated. To them with pride, their own sons are saying today -

"The torch you threw to us, we caught and now our hands will hold it high. Its glorious light will never die!"

Plot

In 1916 Jerusalem, German troops led by Captain Von Schiller arrest French wine seller Paul Rouget for spying and hang him. His daughter Juliet goes into hiding dressed as a boy and starts spying on the Germans.

Three members of the Australian Lighthorse, Red, Larry and Jim, are enjoying themselves (including a game of two-up)[10] on leave in Cairo, when called to fight the Turks. They take part in several battles including the march to Ogratina and the Battle of Romani. Red is separated from the others after one battle and has his life saved by Juliet, who he thinks is an Arab boy.

Red is reunited with his friends and they arrive at an Arab village. He meets Juliet and realises she was the boy who saved his life. They begin a romance.

The Battle of Gaza takes place; Jim and Larry are mortally wounded and Red is captured. He is sent to Beersheba to work as slave labour and discovers the town is wired with explosives. Juliet rescues him and they spend the night together in a hut. Jim manages to rejoin his unit in time to participate in the charge of the Light Horse at the Battle of Beersheba, and stops Von Schiller before he detonates the explosives. The Germans and Turks are defeated and a wounded Red is reunited with Juliet.

Cast
  • Grant Taylor as Red Gallagher
  • Betty Bryant as Juliette Rouget
  • Pat Twohill as Larry
  • Chips Rafferty as Jim
  • Eric Reiman as Von Schiller
  • Joe Valli as Scotty
  • Kenneth Brampton as German officer
  • Albert C. Winn as Sheik Abu
  • Harvey Adams as Von Hausen
  • Norman Maxwell as Ismet
  • Harry Abdy as Paul Rouget
  • Pat Penny as Captain Seidi
  • Charles Zoli as cafe owner
  • Claude Turton as Othman
  • Theo Lianos as Abdul
  • Roy Mannix as Light Horse sergeant
  • Edna Emmett
  • Vera Kandy
  • Iris Kennedy
  • joy Heart
  • Michael Pate as Arab

Production

Development

Chauvel was the nephew of Sir Harry Chauvel, commander of the Australian Light Horse during the Sinai and Palestine campaign and had long planned a film based on the exploits of the Light Horse. It was originally to be titled Thunder Over the Desert.[11][12]

To raise funds for a movie, Chauvel shot a £5,000 "teaser" sequence, consisting of a cavalry charge based around the Battle of Beersheba. The cost for this was paid for by Herc McIntyre, managing director of Universal Pictures in Australia who was a long-time friend and associate of Chauvel's. Filming of this sequence took place on 1 February 1938 on the Cronulla sand dunes using a cavalry division of the Australian Light Horse, which had been performing in the New South Wales sesquicentenary celebrations.[13]

The charge was filmed by a four-camera unit, composed of Frank Hurley, Tasman Higgins, Bert Nicholas and John Heyer.[9] A cavalryman was injured during the shoot.[14]

In 1939 Chauvel and McIntyre formed Famous Films Ltd to make the movie.[15] Chauvel used the footage to raise the budget, which was originally announced at £25,000.[16] £5,000 was provided by McIntyre and £10,000 from Hoyts. The New South Wales government agreed to guarantee a bank overdraft of £15,000 although they did not invest directly in the movie.[17][18]

Casting

The movie marked the first lead role for Grant Taylor, who rose to prominence in Dad Rudd, MP (1940). It was the first sizeable role for Chips Rafferty, who had been cast after a screen test.[19] Chauvel described him as "a cross between Slim Summerville and Jame Stewart, and has a variety of droll yet natural humour."[20] Joe Valli reprised his Scottish soldier from Pat Hanna's Digger Shows.

Taylor was paid £15 a week, Rafferty £10 a week.[21]

Betty Bryant was a discovery of Elsa Chauvel's. She beat out Pat Firman for the role.[22]

Shooting

Shooting began in May 1940. Interiors were shot in the Cinesound studios at Bondi which Chauvel leased from Cinesound Productions for a three-month period. A second unit was used to build a desert village at Cronulla. The battle scenes were shot there in July and August, using the First Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment.[23][24]

Censorship

After the film's preview, the Commonwealth film censor, Creswell O'Reilly, requested three major cuts – display of the dancing girls in a cabaret, the love scene between Red and Juliette in a hut, and alleged cruelty to horses during the final charge.[25][26] This threatened Chauvel's ability to export the film and screen it in Victoria. Eventually the Minister for Customs, Eric Harrison, overruled the decision and allowed the movie to be screened uncut.[27] The movie was also passed uncut in Victoria.[28]

Release

Critical

Reviews were overwhelmingly positive.[29][30] The critic from The Sydney Morning Herald claimed that "there have been some good Australian films before this one, but Forty Thousand Horsemen has every right to be regarded as the first really great Australian picture."[31]

Filmink magazine later wrote "the film was Taylor's. There had been other notable leading men in Australian films – Snowy Baker, Errol Flynn – but it was really Taylor who was the first tough Aussie star type, that would be so exemplified by Rod Taylor, Jack Thompson, Mel Gibson and Bryan Brown. " [32]

Box office

It was a massive success at the box office, grossing £10,000 within its first three weeks of release, enabling Famous Features Ltd to buy out the interest of the New South Wales government for £15,000.[6][33] The film was seen by 287,000 in Sydney alone during a ten-week run on first release.[34]

Female lead Betty Bryant was sent to Singapore for the film's premiere in June 1941. While there she met MGM executive Maurice Silverstein, who she would later marry, leading to her retirement from acting.[35]

Foreign release

The movie was released in the US by Sherman S. Krellberg for Monogram Pictures and was very well received.[36]

"Yippee for brawling, boisterous entertainment", wrote the critic for The New York Times, praising Betty Bryant ("whatever it is that leaps across the celluloid barrier, she has") although claiming the story was "foolish".[37] The Los Angeles Times said the film was "conventional in formula but enlivened by stirring battle scenes – and new faces."[38] "Contains all the color and lusty vigor of the men themselves" said The Washington Post.[39]

It earned over £40,000 in the UK.[40]

In 1954 the film was cut down to 50 minutes for screening on US television.[41]

References
Citations
  1. Copyright registration at National Archives of Australia
  2. "Effects for Light Horse Film". The Sydney Morning Herald. 19 September 1940. p. 20. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. "The Music Hour". South Coast Bulletin. Brisbane. 28 December 1949. p. 7. Retrieved 20 April 2020 – via Trove.
  4. "Of Local Origin
    Umbrella Entertainment". The New York Times. 14 August 1941. p. 21.
  5. "AUSTRALIAN FILM IN LONDON". The Sydney Morning Herald. 22 August 1941. p. 6. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. "SHARE IN LIGHT HORSE FILM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 January 1941. p. 11. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. "It All Began With a Feature Movie on the Kelly Gang". The News. Adelaide. 16 November 1946. p. 2. Retrieved 20 February 2014 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. "OUR FUTURE IN FILM INDUSTRY". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane. 4 December 1946. p. 2. Retrieved 1 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. Andrew Pike and Ross Cooper, Australian Film 1900–1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 192.
  10. Van-Dyk, Robyn (21 December 2006). "Forty Thousand Horsemen". Australian War Memorial. Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  11. "LIGHT HORSE FILM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 January 1938. p. 10. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. Copyright registration of Thunder Over the Desert at National Archives of Australia
  13. "43,000 IN SYDNEY MARCH". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 26 April 1938. p. 19. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. "FAMOUS CHARGE RE-ENACTED". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 February 1938. p. 23. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. "FAMOUS FEATURE FILMS". The Argus. Melbourne. 14 February 1939. p. 4. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. "FOUR LOCAL FILMS". The Sydney Morning Herald. 13 March 1940. p. 13. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. "COMPANIES' PLANS". The Sydney Morning Herald. 3 January 1940. p. 11. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. "LOCAL FILMS". The Sydney Morning Herald. 14 March 1940. p. 11. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ""TL Things Just Happen to Me and I Like It"". The Sydney Morning Herald. 22 October 1940. p. 5 Supplement: Women's Supplement. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. "Australian Films in the Making". The Sydney Morning Herald. 11 June 1940. p. 9 Supplement: Women's Supplement. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. "Do film stars make too much money?". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney. 23 November 1946. p. 15. Retrieved 9 June 2020 – via Trove.
  22. "Hollywood After Betty Bryant "Forty" Lead". The Mail. Adelaide. 18 January 1941. p. 19. Retrieved 14 March 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. "TWO AUSTRALIAN FILMS IN THE MAKING". The Sydney Morning Herald. 11 July 1940. p. 19. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. "SOLDIERS ACT IN FILM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 July 1940. p. 11. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  25. "CUTS IN FILM RESTORED". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 December 1940. p. 13. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. "LOVE SCENE CUT SHORT". The Sydney Morning Herald. 23 December 1940. p. 8. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  27. "NO CUTS LEFT IN FILM". The Sydney Morning Herald. 25 December 1940. p. 6. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  28. "DESERT WARFARE FILM PRAISED". The Argus. Melbourne. 23 January 1941. p. 5. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  29. "THE AUSTRALIAN FILM INDUSTRY GROWS UP". The Argus. Melbourne. 19 April 1941. p. 2 Supplement: The Argus Week-end Magazine. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  30. "Films Reviewed ..." The Courier-Mail. Brisbane. 11 January 1941. p. 14. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  31. "FILM REVIEWS". The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 December 1940. p. 2. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  32. Vagg, Stephen (29 July 2019). "Unsung Aussie Filmmakers – Grant Taylor: A Top Ten". Filmink.
  33. ""FILM DID NOT COST STATE A PENNY"". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 January 1941. p. 12. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  34. 'FILM WORLD Today's Shows', The West Australian (Perth), Friday 25 April 1941 p 10
  35. "ARRIVALS IN MARIPOSA". The Sydney Morning Herald. 6 December 1941. p. 9. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  36. Pope, Quentin (10 August 1941). "ONE FROM DOWN UNDER". The New York Times. p. X3.
  37. T.S.. The (15 August 1941). "' Forty Thousand Horsemen,' Otherwise the Anzacs of World War I, Charges into the Globe Theatre". The New York Times. p. 13.
  38. Scheuer, Philip K. (25 December 1941). "Australia Sends Spectacular Film, '40,000 Horsemen'". Los Angeles Times. p. 16.
  39. "The Anzac Heroes Ride Again". The Washington Post. 18 February 1943. p. 14.
  40. "THE RESEARCH BUREAU HOLDS AN AUTOPSY". Sunday Mail. Brisbane. 17 February 1952. p. 11. Retrieved 28 April 2013 – via National Library of Australia.
  41. "Sydney's Talking About". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 May 1954. p. 6 Section: Women's Section. Retrieved 18 August 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
Sources
  • Murray, Scott, ed. (1994). Australian Cinema. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin/AFC. pp. 26–28. ISBN 1-86373-311-6.
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