Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden
Frederick I (German: Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig; 9 September 1826 – 28 September 1907) was the sovereign Grand Duke of Baden, reigning from 1858 to 1907.
| Frederick I | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden | |||||
| Grand Duke of Baden | |||||
| Reign | 23 January 1858 – 28 September 1907 | ||||
| Predecessor | Louis II | ||||
| Successor | Frederick II | ||||
| Born | 9 September 1826 Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden | ||||
| Died | 28 September 1907 (aged 81) Mainau, Grand Duchy of Baden | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue Detail |
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| House | Zähringen | ||||
| Father | Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden | ||||
| Mother | Sophie of Sweden | ||||
| Religion | Lutheranism | ||||
| Signature | .PNG.webp){kind=small} | ||||
Life
Frederick was born in Karlsruhe, Baden, on 9 September 1826. He was the third son of Grand Duke Leopold of Baden and Princess Sophie of Sweden. He became the heir presumptive to the grand duchy upon the death of his father in 1852[1] and the accession of his brother as Grand Duke Louis II. Due to his brother's mental ill-health, he was regent ad interim of Baden in 1852–1855, and took the title of grand duke in 1856. His brother, Louis II, died in 1858. He was considered a relatively liberal supporter of a constitutional monarchy. During his reign the option of civil marriages was introduced in Baden as well as direct elections to the Lower House of the Parliament of Baden in 1904.[2]
In 1856, Frederick married Princess Louise, daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar.[2] The couple had three children.
Frederick I had a pivotal role in the history of the Zionist movement. In 1896 he met Theodor Herzl (the founder of political Zionism) via their mutual acquaintance the reverend William Hechler, and helped Herzl in obtaining an audience with his nephew Wilhelm II, German Emperor. After some persuasion on the part of the grand duke, the emperor accepted the appeal for an audience. It took place in Palestine on 2 November 1898, during the emperor's visit to inaugurate the Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem.
Frederick I was present at the proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles in 1871,[2] as he was the only son-in-law of the emperor and one of the reigning sovereigns of Germany. He died at his summer residence at the island of Mainau in southern Germany on 28 September 1907. Today, Mainau is owned by the Lennart Bernadotte Foundation, created by Frederick's great-grandson Count Lennart Bernadotte, (1909–2004).
Issue
- Grand Duke Frederick II of Baden (9 July 1857 – 9 August 1928), married Princess Hilda of Luxembourg; no issue
- Queen Victoria of Sweden (7 August 1862 – 4 April 1930), married King Gustav V of Sweden; had issue
- Prince Louis of Baden (12 June 1865 – 23 February 1888), died unmarried; no issue
Honours
- German honours[3]
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Baden:
- Knight of the House Order of Fidelity[4]
- Grand Cross of the Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order[5]
- Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion[6]
- Founder of the Order of Berthold the First, 29 April 1877[7]
- Memorial Cross for the Campaign of 1870/71
- Service Cross for Officers (25 years)
Anhalt: Grand Cross of Albert the Bear, 1889[8].svg.png.webp)
Bavaria: Knight of St. Hubert, 1852[9][10]
Brunswick: Grand Cross of Henry the Lion.svg.png.webp)
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Ernestine duchies: Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order, September 1844[11]
Hanover:[12]
Hesse and by Rhine: Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order, 24 September 1843[13]
Hohenzollern: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class
Mecklenburg:
- Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Collar
- Military Merit Cross, 1st Class (Schwerin)
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Nassau: Knight of the Golden Lion, June 1860[14]
Oldenburg: Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 17 May 1852[15].svg.png.webp)
Prussia:
- Knight of the Black Eagle, with Collar[9]
- Knight of the Red Eagle, 1st Class
- Grand Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, with Collar
- Iron Cross, 2nd Class
- War Commemorative Medal of 1870/71
- Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Medal
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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach: Grand Cross of the White Falcon, 6 August 1853[16].svg.png.webp)
Saxony: Knight of the Rue Crown, 1853[17]
Schaumburg-Lippe: Military Merit Medal
Württemberg: Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1846[18]
- Foreign honours[3]
Austria:
- Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 1849[19]
- Service Cross for Officers (25 years)
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Belgium: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold, 12 May 1845[20].svg.png.webp)
Brazil: Grand Cross of the Southern Cross
Denmark: Knight of the Elephant, 24 April 1877[9][21].svg.png.webp)
France: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour, September 1846[22].svg.png.webp)
Greece: Grand Cross of the Redeemer.svg.png.webp)
Hawaii: Grand Cross of the Order of Kamehameha I_crowned.svg.png.webp)
Italy: Knight of the Annunciation, with Collar, 9 November 1864[9][23]
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Japan: Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, 5 June 1906[24]
Monaco: Grand Cross of St. Charles.svg.png.webp)
Montenegro: Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Danilo I
Netherlands:
- Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion
- Grand Cross of the Military William Order, 17 July 1878[25]
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Portugal:
- Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders
- Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword, with Collar
Romania:
- Grand Cross of the Star of Romania
- Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I, with Collar, 1906[26]
Russia:
- Knight of St. Andrew, with Golden Collar
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
- Knight of the White Eagle
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class
- Cross of St. George
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Serbia:
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Sweden-Norway:
- Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar, 15 April 1877[9][27]
- Grand Cross of St. Olav, 20 September 1881[28]
- Commander Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa, with Collar, 1896[29]
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Spain:
- Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III, 27 May 1866[30]
- Knight of the Golden Fleece, with Collar, December 1878[31]
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Siam: Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri, with Collar, 5 October 1897.svg.png.webp)
Tunisia: Husainid House Order, in Diamonds
United Kingdom: Knight of the Garter, 20 September 1906[9][32]
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Ancestry
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Footnotes
- The Statesman's year-book. Palgrave. Harvard University. 1868. pp. 201–202.
- Engehausen, Frank (2012). "Herrscher im liberalen Musterland" [Ruler in a Liberal Model Country]. Damals (in German). Vol. 44 no. 7. pp. 64–69.
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1902), "Großherzogliches Haus", pp. 26-27
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 31
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 38
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1850), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 73
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch ... Baden (1880), "Großherzogliche Orden" p. 70
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Herzogtums Anhalt (1894), "Herzogliche Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
- Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha 1907 (1907) page 13
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. 7
- Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1847), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 26
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Hannover (1865), "Königliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" pp. 38, 78
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 10
- Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau (1866), "Herzogliche Orden" p. 9
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Oldenburg (1869/70), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 28
- Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1855), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 11
- Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen (1867), "Königliche Ritter-Orden" p. 4
- Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 27
- "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 175.
- Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 463. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
- M. & B. Wattel (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 419. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
- Cibrario, Luigi (1869). Notizia storica del nobilissimo ordine supremo della santissima Annunziata. Sunto degli statuti, catalogo dei cavalieri (in Italian). Eredi Botta. p. 120. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
- 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 150.
- Militaire Willems-Orde: Baden, Friedrich Grossherzog von (in Dutch)
- "Ordinul Carol I" [Order of Carol I]. Familia Regală a României (in Romanian). Bucharest. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 440, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- Norges statskalender (in Norwegian), 1890, pp. 595–596, retrieved 14 June 2018 – via runeberg.org
- Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 525, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org
- "Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 153, retrieved 21 March 2019
- "Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 146, retrieved 21 March 2019
- "The London Gazette, Issue: 27959 Page: 7015". The London Gazette. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden Born: 9 September 1826 Died: 28 September 1907 | ||
| German royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Louis II |
Grand Duke of Baden 1856–1907 |
Succeeded by Frederick II |
Authority control  |
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