Furcacauda

Furcacauda is a genus of thelodontid agnathan from the Lower Devonian of Canada, and is the type genus of the order Furcacaudiformes.[2] Furcacaudiform thelodontids were deep water jawless vertebrates with symmetrical fork and lobed-finned tails and scales smaller than typical loganellid and nikoliviid thelodonti scales.[1] Furcacaudiform thelodonts are noted as having a laterally compressed body, large anterior eyes, slightly posterior, lateral, and vertical to a small mouth, and a condensed curved row of branchial openings (gills) directly posterior to the eyes.[2] Many but not all had laterally paired fins.[2] Wilson and Caldwell also note the presence of a caudal peduncle and a long caudal fin made of two large lobes, one dorsal and one ventral separated by 8 to 14 smaller intermediate lobes, giving the appearance of a striated half-moon shaped tail[1] resembling the tail of a heterostracan.[2] A large square cavity within the gut connecting a small intestine to an anal opening lead many to believe that it is this genus that exhibits the first vertebrate stomach.[1] According to Wilson and Caldwell their discovery, based on sediment infillings of fossils of the Furcacauda heintze, gives credence to the evolutionary development of stomach before jaws.[1]

Furcacauda Temporal range: 453–359 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Lower Devonian[1]
Furcacauda heintzae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Thelodonti
Order:	Furcacaudiformes
Family:	Furcacaudidae
Genus:	Furcacauda
Type species
Sigurdia heintzae
Species
Furcacauda heintzae Furcacauda fredholmae