Garibaldi (fish)

The Garibaldi, known historically also as the Catalina goldfish and marine goldfish and now commonly as the Garibaldi damselfish (Hypsypops rubicundus) is a species of bright orange fish in the damselfish family. It occurs in the subtropical northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The English name, Garibaldi, is based on an Italian surname and is a reference to the Italian general and political figure Giuseppe Garibaldi, whose followers often wore a characteristic scarlet or red shirt. As is the case in all damselfish, male Garibaldis aggressively defend the nest site after the female lays eggs.

Garibaldi
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Family: Pomacentridae
Subfamily: Pomacentrinae
Genus: Hypsypops
Gill, 1861
Species:
H. rubicundus
Binomial name
Hypsypops rubicundus
(Girard, 1854)
Synonyms

Glyphisodon rubicundus Girard, 1854

Description

Adult fish in this species are orange in color. It is the largest member of the damselfish family and can grow up to 38 cm (15 in) in length. Juveniles are more reddish, and have many small iridescent blue spots, which they lose as they become adult. Adult Garibaldis also have a more opaque tail and dorsal fin. The Garibaldi is the official marine state fish of California and is protected in Californian coastal waters.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Garibaldis are found in water from a depth of up to 30 metres (98 ft) depth, usually in association with rock reefs, and typically over rocky sea-bottoms.[3] This species is native to the north-eastern subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean, ranging from Monterey Bay, California, to Guadalupe Island, Baja California.[3]

Behavior

Garibaldis feed mainly on invertebrates,[3] which they remove from the rocks. Like most damselfish, adult Garibaldis maintain a home territory.[3] The male clears a sheltered nest site within his territory; the female then deposits eggs within the nest. The male guards the nest area until the eggs hatch, which takes 19–21 days. During the time period that the eggs are developing, the male Garibaldi aggressively tries to keep all other fish away from the (very edible) eggs, and will boldly attack much larger swimming creatures, including humans, to the point of biting divers in order to try to drive them away from the area where the eggs are deposited.

References
  1. Allen, G.; Robertson, R. & Lea, B. (2010). "Hypsypops rubicundus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T183367A8100806. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183367A8100806.en.
  2. California State Library - History and Culture - State Symbols
  3. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2005). "Hypsypops rubicundus" in FishBase. November 2005 version.
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