Golders Green Crematorium
Golders Green Crematorium and Mausoleum was the first crematorium to be opened in London, and one of the oldest crematoria in Britain.[1][2] The land for the crematorium was purchased in 1900, costing £6,000 (the equivalent of £135,987 in 2021), and the crematorium was opened in 1902 by Sir Henry Thompson.[2]
Golders Green Crematorium
Golders Green Crematorium, as it is usually called, is in Hoop Lane, off Finchley Road, Golders Green, London NW11, ten minutes' walk from Golders Green Underground station. It is directly opposite the Golders Green Jewish Cemetery (Golders Green is an area with a large Jewish population). The crematorium is secular, accepts all faiths and non-believers; clients may arrange their own type of service or remembrance event and choose whatever music they wish.[1][3][4]
The crematorium gardens are listed at Grade I in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[2]
History
Horder Japanese Garden Pond
Cremation was not legal in Great Britain until 1885. The first crematorium was built in Woking and it was successful. At that time cremation was championed by the Cremation Society of Great Britain.[5] This society was governed by a council, at that time led by Sir Henry Thompson (president and founding member). There is a bust to his memory in the West Chapel of Golders Green Crematorium. Out of this Society was formed the London Cremation Company (which has its offices on the premises), who desired to build a crematorium within easy reach of London.
The crematorium in Golders Green was designed by the architect Sir Ernest George and his partner Alfred Yeates.[6] The gardens were laid out by William Robinson.[2] The crematorium is a red brick building in Lombardic style and was built in stages, as money became available.[2][6] The crematorium opened in 1902 and was built in four phases (1901-1910, 1910-1911, 1912–1916, 1926-1928).[7] By 1939, the site was largely completed, although since then some buildings have been added. Since November 1902 more than 323,500 cremations have taken place at Golders Green Crematorium, far more than any other British crematorium. It is estimated that the crematorium now averages around 2,000 cremations a year. The funerals of many prominent people have taken place there over the last century.
Ironically, the ashes of the first person cremated at Woking, Mrs Jeanette Pickersgill (died 21 April 1885), widow of artist Henry William Pickersgill, were removed from Woking to the East Columbarium at Golders Green, according to Woking's cremation records.
Interior of the columbarium
The chimney of the crematorium is located within the tower and the building is in an Italianate style.[1] The 12 acres (4.9 ha) of gardens are extensively planted, and produce a beautiful and tranquil environment for visitors. There are several large tombs, two ponds and bridge, and a large crocus lawn. Another notable feature is a special children's section, which includes a swinging bench. There is also a 'communist corner' with memorials to notables of the Communist Party of Great Britain. There are two cremation chapels and a Chapel of Memory. There are also three columbaria containing the ashes of thousands of Londoners and residents of neighbouring counties.
There have been 14 holders of the Victoria Cross cremated here,[8] and there are locations and memorials for many other military personnel of all ranks, and from many countries. Largest among them is the Commonwealth War Graves Commission memorial, commemorating 496 British and Commonwealth military casualties of both World Wars who were cremated here. Designed by Sir Edward Maufe, it was unveiled in 1952. Built in Portland Stone with names listed on three bronze panels, it stands at head of an ornamental pond at the western end of the memorial cloister.[9]
At Christmas, a Christmas tree is erected in the field in front of the main buildings. Although the crematorium is secular, a nativity scene is also placed near the Chapel of Memory.
Notable monuments
The crematorium gardens are listed at Grade I in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.[2] The Philipson Family mausoleum, designed by Edwin Lutyens, is a Grade II* listed building on the National Heritage List for England[10] and the crematorium building,[6] the wall, along with memorials and gates,[11] the Martin Smith Mausoleum[12] and Into The Silent Land, a sculpture by Henry Alfred Pegram[13] are all Grade II listed buildings. The largest sculpture portraying someone cremated here is the statue of Indian industrialist and friend of Gandhi, Ghanshyam Das Birla.
Into the Silent Land by Henry Alfred Pegram
Visiting
A map of the Garden of Rest and some information on persons cremated here is available from the office. Staff are available to help in finding a specific location. This service is £10 per request. The columbaria can be visited. There is also a tea room.[6]
Notable cremations
Ashes at Golders Green Crematorium
Among those whose ashes are retained or were scattered here, are:
- Larry Adler, American harmonica player
- Kingsley Amis, British writer, one of the Angry young men
- Boris Anrep, Russian artist
- Pegaret Anthony, British artist[14]
- Sir Fenton Aylmer, 13th Baronet, British soldier, VC recipient
- Sir Edward Battersby Bailey, geologist
- Lionel Bart, composer of Oliver! and many other shows and songs
- Ronnie Biggs, criminal and participant of The Great Train Robbery of 1963
- Eric Blom, British musicologist
- Simon Blumenfeld, writer and columnist
- Enid Blyton, children's author (Famous Five, Noddy)
- Marc Bolan, musician, poet and writer (founder of T. Rex)
- Arthur Brough, actor
- Bernard Bresslaw, Carry On film series actor
- Jack Bruce, Scottish composer, musician and member of Cream[15]
- Sir Neville Cardus, notable cricket writer, also distinguished music critic
- Eric Coates, English composer of light music
- Leslie Compton, English footballer and cricketer
- Dr Alan Corbett, psychotherapist and author
- Cicely Courtneidge, actress and comedian
- Walter Crane, English artist and book illustrator
- Tony Crombie, English jazz musician
- Ed Devereaux, Australian actor
- Ralph Ince
- James Dewar, British chemist and physicist (inventor of the Dewar flask or vacuum flask)
- Edith Durham, writer, traveller and anthropologist
- Ray Ellington, English musician
- Havelock Ellis, intellectual
- Barry Evans, English actor and comedian
- Dame Millicent Fawcett, leader of the suffragist movement
- Kathleen Ferrier, British singer (there is a rosebed in her memory)
- Molly Fink, Australian socialite and wife of Marthanda Bhairava Tondaiman of Pudukkottai.[16]
- Bud Flanagan, singer and Crazy Gang star
- George Frampton, British sculptor
- Lynne Frederick, actress
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The Freud Corner at Golders Green Crematorium
- Anna Freud, daughter of Sigmund Freud, also a psychoanalyst, especially of children
- Sigmund and Martha Freud, father of modern psychoanalysis and his wife
- Ernest George, English architect (and who designed this crematorium with Alfred Yeates)
- Simon Gipps-Kent, English actor, Crocus Lawn, Section 3H
- Elinor Glyn, English romantic novelist and scriptwriter.
- Ernő Goldfinger, Hungarian born architect and designer of furniture
- Charles Gray, English actor
- Hughie Green, Quiz show host
- Arthur Greenwood, English Labour politician. (Ashes and memorial, Bay 17 of the East Boundary Wall.)[17]
- Joyce Grenfell, actress and comedian
- John Gross, writer
- Irene Handl, actress and comedian
- Tommy Handley, British comedian
- Robert Harbin, South African born magician and writer
- Sir Cedric Hardwicke, English actor
- Jack Hawkins, actor
- Tubby Hayes, English jazz musician
- Ian Hendry, actor
- Patrick Hennessy, Irish Realist Artist
- Dezo Hoffmann, photographer of actors and rock stars including the Beatles
- Henry Holland, 1st Viscount Knutsford, British Conservative politician
- Margaret Lindsay Huggins, astronomer
- William Huggins, astronomer
- Gordon Jackson, actor
- Alex James, footballer
- Sid James, actor and Carry On film series star
- Sir Geoffrey Alan Jellicoe, architect[18]
- Jimmy Jewel, comedian
- Yootha Joyce, actress
- Geoffrey Keen, actor
- Albert William Ketèlbey, English composer, conductor and pianist
- Johnny Kidd, singer
- Alexander Korda, film producer
- David Kossoff, actor, writer, and campaigner
- Paul Kossoff, musician (guitarist with Free, among others)
- Kit Lambert, manager and record producer for The Who
- Alfred Lawrence, 1st Baron Trevethin, former Lord Chief Justice of England, drowned in fishing accident.[19]
- Doris Lessing, writer, 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate
- Percy Wyndham Lewis, artist and writer
- William Howard Livens, military engineer and inventor
- Wolf Mankowitz, British playwright and screenwriter
- Karl Mannheim, Hungarian-born British sociologist, founder of the sociology of knowledge
- Moore Marriott, British comic actor
- Marthanda Bhairava Tondaiman, Raja of Pudukkottai 1886–1928[16]
- Matt Monro, singer
- Keith Moon, musician (drummer for The Who)
- Janet Munro, actress
- Alexander Murray, 8th Earl of Dunmore, British soldier, politician and VC winner
- Ivor Novello, actor, writer and lyricist
- Seán O'Casey, Irish playwright
- Joe Orton, playwright
- Val Parnell, impresario
- Anna Pavlova, ballerina
- Don Revie, football manager
- Peter Schidlof, Austrian-British violist
- Ronnie Scott, British jazz musician
- Phil Seamen, British jazz musician
- Peter Sellers, actor and comedian
- Geoffrey Shaw composer
- Ella Shields, Music Hall artiste and male impersonator. Singer of Burlington Bertie.
- Kathleen Simon, Viscountess Simon, abolitionist[20]
- Bernard Spilsbury, pathologist
- Bram Stoker, Irish writer (Dracula)
- John Stride, actor
- A.J.P. Taylor, historian[21]
- Sir Henry Thompson, 1st Baronet, surgeon and founder of the Cremation Society of England[5]
- Karl Tunberg, American screenwriter, author and film producer; past-President WGA, West (USA)[22]
- Tommy Vance, British broadcaster[23]
- Conrad Veidt, German actor, following cremation in USA
- Vesta Victoria, music hall performer
- Bernie Winters, comedian
- Maurice Woodruff, English clairvoyant, following cremation in Singapore
Ashes taken elsewhere after cremation
Among those cremated here, but whose ashes are elsewhere, are:
- Stanley Baldwin, British Conservative politician and Prime Minister, ashes removed to Worcester Cathedral
- Ernest Bevin, British Labour politician, ashes removed to Westminster Abbey
- Horatio Bottomley, British Liberal, later Independent, M.P., journalist, swindler, ashes scattered on Sussex Downs[24][25]
- Brendan Bracken, 1st Viscount Bracken, Irish born British Conservative politician[26] ashes scattered on Romney Marshes.
- Hypatia Bradlaugh Bonner, daughter of Charles Bradlaugh, atheist and freethinking author and peace campaigner, ashes buried in Brookwood Cemetery.[27]
- Neville Chamberlain, British Conservative politician and Prime Minister, ashes removed to Westminster Abbey
- Alan J. Charig, British Palaeontologist, ashes scattered with his wife’s at Woldingham Viewpoint near Oxted, Surrey.
- Peter Cook, British actor and comedian, ashes buried in an unmarked plot behind St. John's Church in Hampstead.
- Bebe Daniels, American actress, singer and writer, with her husband, Ben Lyon, at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Hollywood
- Ian Dury, English singer-lyricist, best known for No. 1 hit Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick, his ashes have reputedly been scattered in the Thames, there is a memorial bench in Richmond Park
- T. S. Eliot, Anglo-American poet, playwright, and literary critic, ashes in St Michael's Church in East Coker[28]
- Lily Elsie, actress (location of ashes unknown)[29]
- Barry Evans, English actor (location of ashes unknown)
- John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher, Admiral of the Fleet, ashes buried at Kilverstone, Norfolk.
- John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, Field Marshal, ashes buried at Ripple, Kent.[30]
- Sir Edward German, composer, ashes buried at Whitchurch, Shropshire.[31]
- David Gest, Music producer, Comedian and Television personality. Funeral service held at Golders Green Crematorium on 29 April 2016, his ashes were later scattered in York.
- W. S. Gilbert, dramatist and author, who with Arthur Sullivan wrote the Savoy operas,[32] ashes buried at the Church of St. John the Evangelist, Stanmore.
- Sir Charles Henry, expatriate Australian businessman and Liberal MP in the British Parliament, ashes buried Willesden Jewish Cemetery.[33]
- Reginald Hine, British historian, ashes scattered at Minsden Chapel
- Eric Hobsbawm, British historian, ashes interred at Highgate Cemetery
- Professor Louis Hoffmann (Angelo John Lewis), author of "Modern Magic" (1876) and other books on magic, games, amusements and puzzles. Funeral service and cremation took place at Golders Green on 29 December 1919, location of ashes unknown.
- Gary Holton, actor best known as the star of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, his ashes rest in Maesgwastad Cemetery, Welshpool, Montgomeryshire
- Kenneth Horne, comedian and businessman, star of Much-Binding-in-the-Marsh, Beyond Our Ken and Round the Horne, ashes have reputedly been moved to an unknown location
- A.E. Housman, classical scholar and poet, author of A Shropshire Lad, ashes interred outside St Laurence's Church, Ludlow, Shropshire, England
- John Inman, actor, star of Are You Being Served?, location of ashes unknown
- Henry Irving, stage actor in the Victorian era, ashes removed to Westminster Abbey
- Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading, Liberal politician and lawyer, ashes buried at the nearby Jewish cemetery[34]
- Henry James, American-born British novelist, ashes buried at Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Kenrick Hymans ("Snakehips") Johnson, Guyanese-born British jazz band leader, ashes removed to chapel of Sir William Borlase's Grammar School, Marlow, Buckinghamshire
- Ernest Jones, psychoanalyst,[35] ashes were buried in the grave of the oldest of his four children in the churchyard of St Cadoc's Cheriton on the Gower Peninsula[35]
- Hetty King, Music Hall artiste and male impersonator.
- Rudyard Kipling, British author and poet, ashes removed to Westminster Abbey
- Leonid Krasin, Russian and Soviet Bolshevik politician and diplomat, ashes buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
- Verity Lambert, television producer.
- Alice Liddell, ashes removed to Lyndhurst, Hampshire (see Alice's Adventures in Wonderland).
- Vivien Leigh, English actress, ashes were scattered on the lake at Tickerage Mill pond, near Blackboys, Sussex[36]
- Lieutenant General Samuel Lomax, died of wounds World War I, ashes buried at Aldershot Military Cemetery
- Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, ashes buried at the Royal Burial Ground at Frogmore[37]
- Princess Louise Margaret, Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn, the first member of the British Royal Family to be cremated, ashes buried at the Royal Burial Ground at Frogmore[38]
- Edwin Lutyens, architect whose designs include The Cenotaph. Ashes buried at St Paul's Cathedral, London
- Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish architect, ashes scattered at sea at Port Vendres, France.[39][40]
- John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn, Liberal politician, ashes buried at Putney Vale Cemetery.[41]
- Marian Cripps, Baroness Parmoor, anti-war activist, ashes taken to Frieth[42]
- Peter O'Toole, actor and author, cremated on 21 December 2013 in a wicker coffin[43]
- H. G. Pelissier, actor, composer and satirist, ashes rest in Marylebone Cemetery
- Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound, ashes, with those of his wife, scattered at sea; commemorated on the Commonwealth War Graves Commission cremation memorial here.[44]
- King Prajadhipok of Thailand, ashes removed to Chakri Throne Hall in the Grand Palace, Bangkok
- Wendy Richard, English actress, ashes interred at East Finchley Cemetery and Crematorium
- Arnold Ridley, author and actor, ashes rest in Bath Abbey Cemetery
- Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, physicist, ashes removed to Westminster Abbey.[45]
- Shapurji Saklatvala, Indian-born Labour and Communist Member of the British Parliament. Cremated here, ashes buried at the Parsi burial ground in Brookwood Cemetery.[46]
- Sophia Duleep Singh (1876–1948) Indian princess and suffragette, daughter of the last Maharaja of the Punjab. Cremated here, ashes scattered in the Punjab.[47]
- Vivian Stanshall, founding member of the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, artist, poet and broadcaster. His ashes are in the possession of his wife and daughter. A memorial plaque, in Poets' Corner, was unveiled on 16 December 2015.[48]
- Richard Bowdler Sharpe, zoologist, founder of the British Ornithologists' Club and Assistant Keeper of the British Museum[49]
- F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead, lawyer-statesman, ashes buried at Charlton, Northamptonshire.[50]
- Charles Villiers Stanford, composer, ashes buried in Westminster Abbey.[51]
- Ellen Terry, actress, ashes kept at St Paul's, Covent Garden, London
- James Henry Thomas (1874–1949), Labour cabinet minister and railwaymen's trade union leader, ashes buried at Swindon, Wiltshire.[52]
- Ralph Vaughan Williams, composer, ashes buried at Westminster Abbey
- H. G. Wells, English author, ashes scattered at sea
- Barbara Windsor, Carry On film series, EastEnders actress
- Amy Winehouse, singer-songwriter, ashes interred at Edgwarebury Cemetery, along with her grandmother.[53]
- Szmul Zygielbojm Polish-Jewish political activist. In 1943 committed suicide in London as a protest against international indifference towards Holocaust. His ashes were transferred to New York in 1961 by Zygielbojm's fellows from Bund Jewish Organization.[54]
Gallery
- Scenes around Golders Green Crematorium
The Philipson Mausoleum by Edwin Lutyens
The Smith Mausoleum by Paul Phipps
Bench in the Garden of Rest.jpg.webp)
The Children's Garden
Memorial plaques to Marc Bolan and Keith Moon.jpg.webp)
The statue of Ghanshyam Das Birla.JPG.webp)
Urn with the ashes of Anna Pavlova
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- "Famous names whose final stop was Golders Green crematorium". The Independent. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
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- Younger, Coralie (2003). "Molly Fink". Wicked women of the Raj. Harper Collins. pp. 115–137. ISBN 978-81-7223-454-6.
- Golders Green Crematorium guide notes
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Further reading
- Beach, Darren (2011). London's Cemeteries (2nd ed.). London: Metro. ISBN 978-1-902910-40-6.
- Grainger, Hilary J. (2000). "Golders Green Crematorium and the Architectural Expression of Cremation". Mortality. 5 (1): 53–73. doi:10.1080/713685990. S2CID 143690122.
- Jupp, Peter C.; Grainger, Hilary J., eds. (2002). Golders Green Crematorium, 1902–2002: A London Centenary in Context. London: London Cremation Company. ISBN 978-0-9543529-0-5.
- Meller, Hugh; Parsons, Brian (2008). London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide & Gazetteer (5th ed.). Stroud: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-6183-0.
External links
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- Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC): Golders Green Crematorium
- Golders Green Crematorium at Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust
- Crematoria in Europe
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