Graphical timeline from Big Bang to Heat Death

This is the timeline of the Universe from Big Bang to Heat Death scenario. The different eras of the universe are shown. The heat death will occur in 10100 years, if protons decay.

Proton decayBlack dwarfSunGalaxy formation and evolutionCosmic microwave background radiationMatter-dominated eraBig Bang nucleosynthesisInflationary epochPlanck timeGraphical timeline of the universeReionizationPhoton epochLepton epochHadron epochQuark epochElectroweak epochGrand unification epochGraphical timeline of the Stelliferous EraGraphical timeline of the Big BangHeat death of the universeBig BangPlanck epoch

Usually the logarithmic scale is used for such timelines but it compresses the most interesting Stelliferous Era too much as this example shows. Therefore, a double-logarithmic scale s (s*100 in the graphics) is used instead. The minimum of it is only 1, not 0 as needed, and the negative outputs for inputs smaller than 10 are useless. Therefore, the time from 0.1 to 10 years is collapsed to a single point 0, but that does not matter in this case because nothing special happens in the history of the universe during that time.

Comparison of log10 and log10log10 scales
yearlog10 yearcombination of log10log10 year and
-log10(-log10 year)
1010000100004
10100010003
101001002
1010101
10220.30
10110
1000undefined but here forced to 0
10−1-10
10−2-2-0.30
10−10-10-1
10−100-100-2

The seconds in the timescale have been converted to years by using the Julian year.

See also

References

  • Fred C. Adams; Greg Laughlin (19 June 2000). The Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the Physics of Eternity. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-86576-8.
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