Green toucanet

Green toucanets[1] are near-passerine birds from the genus Aulacorhynchus in the toucan family. They are native to Mexico, and Central and South America. All are found in humid forests and woodlands in highlands, but a few also occur in adjacent lowlands.[2] They are relatively small toucans, 30–44 centimetres (12–17 in) long, with colorful, mainly green, plumage.[2] They are typically seen in pairs or small groups, and sometimes follow mixed species flocks.[3]

Green toucanet
Emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Ramphastidae
Genus: Aulacorhynchus
Gould, 1835
Species

see text

Synonyms
  • Aulacorhamphus

Taxonomy and systematics

A major taxonomy review in 1974 resulted in 6 species in the genus Aulacorhynchus,[4] and this was adopted by virtually all later authorities.[2][5][6][7][8]

In 2001, it was suggested that A. prasinus, as traditionally defined, was a species complex that should be split into 7 different species based on preliminary morphological evidence.[9] This was to some extent supported by genetic evidence, which suggested that additional species should be recognized. As a result, A. griseigularis was split from in A. albivitta based on this early genetic evidence but these species are now lumped together again.[10][11]

Currently, there remains a considerable lack of consensus to support the IOC's latest taxonomy of Aulacorhynchus into eleven species.[12] Several authorities still maintain that the genus Aulacorhynchus has only 7 species and treat the remaining as subspecies.[7][8] The SACC has called for further genetic studies of this genus.[5]

Species

The genus Aulacorhynchus has eleven species considered to belong to the genus:

ImageScientific nameCommon NameDistribution
Aulacorhynchus wagleriWagler's toucanetSierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero and Oaxaca in south-western Mexico
Aulacorhynchus prasinusEmerald toucanetMexico and Central America
Aulacorhynchus caeruleogularisBlue-throated toucanetCosta Rica, Panama and Colombia
Aulacorhynchus albivittaWhite-throated toucanetAndes from western Venezuela, through Colombia to northern Ecuador
Aulacorhynchus atrogularisBlack-throated toucanetcentral Ecuador to western Bolivia
Aulacorhynchus sulcatusGroove-billed toucaneteastern Colombia and northern Venezuela
Aulacorhynchus derbianusChestnut-tipped toucanetColombia to central Bolivia
Aulacorhynchus whitelianusTepui toucanetGuiana
Aulacorhynchus haematopygusCrimson-rumped toucanetEcuador, Colombia and Venezuela
Aulacorhynchus huallagaeYellow-browed toucaneteast Andean slope in northern Peru.
Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctisBlue-banded toucanetBolivia and Peru.

References
  1. Boyd, J. (2011). Ramphastidae: Toucans. Accessed 20 May 2011
  2. Short, L. L., & Horne, J. F. M. (2002). Toucans (Ramphastidae). pp. 220-272 in del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (2002). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 7 Jacamars to Woodpecker. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-37-7
  3. Restall, R. L., Rodner, C., & Lentino, M. (2006). Birds of Northern South America. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-7243-9 (vol. 1). ISBN 0-7136-7242-0 (vol. 2).
  4. Haffer, J. (1974). Avian speciation in tropical South America. Publ. Nuttall Ornithol. Club 14: 1–390.
  5. Remsen, J. V., Jr., C. D. Cadena, A. Jaramillo, M. Nores, J. F. Pacheco, J. Pérez-Emán, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, D. F. Stotz, and K. J. Zimmer (2011). A classification of the bird species of South America: Trogoniformes to Piciformes. Archived 2011-09-12 at the Wayback Machine American Ornithologists' Union. Accessed 25 May 2011
  6. Fjeldså, J., and Krabbe, N. (1990). Birds of the High Andes. ISBN 87-88757-16-1
  7. Dickinson, E. C., eds. (2003). The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3rd edition. ISBN 0-7136-6536-X
  8. Clement, J. F. (2007, w. online updates). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World. 6th edition. ISBN 978-0-7136-8695-1
  9. Navarro, A., Peterson, A., López-Medrano, E., and Benítez-Díaz, H. (2001). Species limits in Mesoamerican Aulocorhynchus Toucanets. The Wilson Bull. 113(4): 363-372
  10. Bonaccorso, E., Guayasamin, J. M., Peterson, A. T., and Navarro-Sigüenza, A. G. (2011). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Neotropical toucanets in the genus Aulacorhynchus (Aves, Ramphastidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2011.00475.x
  11. Puebla-Olivares, F., E. Bonaccorso, A. E. de los Monteros, K. E. Omland, J. E. Llorente-Bousquets, A. T. Peterson, and A.G. Navarro-Siguenza. (2008). Speciation in the Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) complex. The Auk. 125(1): 39-50.
  12. "IOC World Bird List 6.4". IOC World Bird List Datasets. doi:10.14344/ioc.ml.6.4.
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