Gyraulus

Gyraulus is a genus of small, mostly air-breathing, freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.[3]

Gyraulus
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous - Recent, 125–0 Ma
Two shells of Gyraulus crista
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Hygrophila
Superfamily:
Planorboidea
Family:
Planorbidae
Subfamily:
Planorbinae
Tribe:
Planorbini[1]
Genus:
Gyraulus

Type species
Planorbis albus O. F. Müller, 1774
Synonyms
  • Anisus (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus has genus rank)
  • Armiger Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Caillaudia Bourguignat, 1883
  • Glyptanisus Iredale, 1943
  • Gyraulus (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843
  • Gyraulus (Caillaudia) Bourguignat, 1883
  • Gyraulus (Carinogyraulus) Polinski, 1929
  • Gyraulus (Choanomphalodes) Lindholm, 1927
  • Gyraulus (Gyraulus) Charpentier, 1837
  • Gyraulus (Lamorbis) Starobogatov, 1967
  • Gyraulus (Torquis) Dall, 1905
  • Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967
  • Planorbis (Armiger) Hartmann, 1843 (Armiger is ranked as subgenus of Gyraulus)
  • Planorbis (Gyraulus) Agassiz in Charpentier, 1837 (Gyraulus is treated as separate genus)

The genus Gyraulus is known from the Early Cretaceous to the present. Fossils attributed to Gyraulus sp. have been found in the lakebottom sediments of the Yixian Formation in China, dating to 125 million years ago.[4]

The minute species Gyraulus crista, although technically a pulmonate gastropod, does not use air for respiration, but instead has a mantle cavity which has much water.

Distribution

The distribution of this genus is Holarctic.

Habitat

These snail snails live on water plants in freshwater.

Shell description

Shell of the species within this genus are small, and are mostly almost planispiral in their coiling.

Species

Species within the genus Gyraulus include:

subgenus Armiger W. Hartmann, 1843[5]

  • Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758)[6] - Nautilus ramshorn
  • † Gyraulus cristaeformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
  • † Gyraulus decorus (Roshka, 1973)
  • † Gyraulus geniculatus (Sandberger, 1875)
  • † Gyraulus gracilis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
  • † Gyraulus lenapalus (Bourguignat, 1881)
  • † Gyraulus lluecai (Royo Gómez, 1922)
  • † Gyraulus nautiliformis (Gozhik & Prysjazhnjuk, 1978)
  • † Gyraulus subptychophorus (Halaváts, 1903)

subgenus Carinogyraulus Polinski, 1929:[7] represented as Gyraulus

subgenus Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837

  • † Gyraulus aegaeus Willmann, 1981
  • † Gyraulus bachmayeri Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
  • † Gyraulus bigueti (Fontannes, 1881)
  • † Gyraulus brlici Brusina, 1897
  • † Gyraulus brusinai (Lörenthey, 1894)
  • Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)[8]
  • † Gyraulus connivens (Eichwald, 1830)
  • † Gyraulus constans (Brusina, 1884)
  • † Gyraulus dalmaticus (Brusina, 1884)
  • † Gyraulus deflexus (Sandberger, 1859)
  • † Gyraulus dimitrovici (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus doseni (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus formosus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus fragilis (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus goussardianus (Noulet, 1854)
  • † Gyraulus hians (Rolle, 1860)
  • † Gyraulus hoernesi (Rolle, 1860)
  • † Gyraulus inornatus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus ioanis Gloer & Pesic, 2007[8]
  • Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)[8]
  • † Gyraulus jukici (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus jurkovici (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus katurici (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus kosovensis (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus lazici (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus lendli (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus lineolatus (Brusina, 1878)
  • † Gyraulus lorentheyi (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus meierbrooki Gloer & Pesic, 2007[8]
  • † Gyraulus multicingulatus (Wenz, 1919)
  • † Gyraulus nematophorus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus novaki (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus nusici (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus oncostomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus orahovacensis (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus pachychilus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus parvulus (Lörenthey, 1906)
  • † Gyraulus pavlovici (Brusina, 1893)
  • † Gyraulus phacecercus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)[8]
  • † Gyraulus ponticus (Lörenthey, 1893)
  • † Gyraulus porcellaneus (Lörenthey, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus praeponticus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1890)
  • † Gyraulus ptychostomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus rotella (Rousseau, 1842)
  • Gyraulus shasi Gloer & Pesic, 2007[8]
  • † Gyraulus sibinjensis (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus slavonicus (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus spratti (Forbes, 1845)
  • † Gyraulus stoppanii (Sacco, 1886)
  • Gyraulus stroemi (Westerlund, 1881)[8]
  • † Gyraulus subverticillus (Oppenheim, 1919)
  • † Gyraulus sulfureus (Royo Gómez, 1922)
  • † Gyraulus tenuistriatus (Gorjanović-Kramberger, 1899)
  • † Gyraulus tetracarinatus (Pavlović, 1903)
  • † Gyraulus virgatus (Ludwig, 1865)
  • † Gyraulus zoebeleini Schlickum & Strauch, 1974

subgenus Lamorbis Starobogatov, 1967:[9] represented as Gyraulis

subgenus Nautilinus Mousson, 1872[10]

  • Gyraulus clymene (Shuttleworth, 1852)[11]

subgenus Torquis Dall, 1905[12]

subgenus ?

  • Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
  • † Gyraulus albertanus (Clessin, 1877)
  • Gyraulus albidus Radoman, 1953[8]
  • Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774)[8] - White ramshorn
  • † Gyraulus alienus (Rolle, 1862)
  • † Gyraulus andrussovi (Ali-Zade & Kabakova in Ali-Zade, 1969)
  • † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
  • Gyraulus argaeicus (Sturany, 1904)
  • † Gyraulus arminiensis Jekelius, 1932
  • † Gyraulus atkinsoni (Johnston, 1879)
  • † Gyraulus bakonicus (Halaváts, 1903)
  • Gyraulus bekaensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2007[14]
  • Gyraulus biwaensis (Preston, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus bondartchuki (Prysjazhnjuk, 1974)
  • Gyraulus borealis (Lovén in Westerlund, 1875)
  • † Gyraulus chaenostomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848)
  • † Gyraulus circumstriatus (Tryon, 1866)
  • Gyraulus convexiusculus [15]
  • Gyraulus corinna (Gray, 1850)
  • † Gyraulus costatus (Klein, 1846)
  • Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss, 1848)[16]
  • Gyraulus crenophilus Hubendick & Radoman, 1959[17]
  • † Gyraulus crescens (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus cryptornatus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus dealbatus (Braun in Walchner, 1851)
  • Gyraulus deflectus
  • † Gyraulus denudatus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus distortus (Hyatt, 1880)
  • † Gyraulus doricus (Bukowski, 1896)
  • Gyraulus edgbastonensis D. S. Brown, 2001
  • † Gyraulus edlaueri (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus egirdirensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
  • † Gyraulus ehrenbergi (Beck, 1837)
  • Gyraulus elenae Vinarski, Glöer & Palatov, 2013 [18]
  • Gyraulus essingtonensis (E. A. Smith, 1882)
  • Gyraulus eugyne Meier-Brook, 1983
  • Gyraulus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)
  • Gyraulus fontinalis Hubendick & Radoman, 1959[17]
  • † Gyraulus fuchsi (Lörenthey, 1902)
  • † Gyraulus geminus (Brusina, 1897)
  • Gyraulus gilberti (Dunker, 1848)
  • † Gyraulus globosus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus goetzendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus hebraicus (Bourguignat, 1852)
  • † Gyraulus helicophantoides (Pavlović, 1927)
  • † Gyraulus homalosomus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus homsensis (Dautzenberg, 1894)
  • Gyraulus hornensis F. C. Baker, 1934
  • Gyraulus huwaizahensis Glôer & Naser, 2005
  • Gyraulus ioanis Glöer & Pešić, 2007
  • Gyraulus janinensis (Mousson, 1859)
  • Gyraulus kahuica (Finlay & Laws, 1931)
  • † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • Gyraulus kosiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
  • † Gyraulus krohi Neubauer & Harzhauser in Harzhauser et al., 2014
  • Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
  • † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
  • Gyraulus luguhuensis Shu, Köhler, Fu & Wang, 2013
  • Gyraulus lychnidicus Hesse, 1928[17]
  • † Gyraulus marinkovici (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus matraensis Gál et al., 1999 †
  • Gyraulus mauritianus (Morelet, 1876)[19]
  • Gyraulus meierbrooki Glöer & Pešić, 2007
  • † Gyraulus micromphalus (Fuchs, 1870)
  • † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus nedici (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus nedyalkovi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
  • † Gyraulus oecsensis Wenz, 1919
  • † Gyraulus okrugljakensis Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014 †
  • † Gyraulus oxystoma (Klein, 1846)
  • Gyraulus pamphylicus Glöer & Rähle, 2009
  • Gyraulus parvus (Say, 1817)[13]
  • Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852)
  • † Gyraulus platystomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993 (?)
  • † Gyraulus popovici (Pavlović, 1927)
  • † Gyraulus primiformis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus protectus Jekelius, 1944
  • † Gyraulus protocrescens Nützel & Bandel, 1993
  • † Gyraulus pseudhomalosomus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus pseudotenuis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus ptycophorus (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus pulici (Brusina, 1897)
  • † Gyraulus quadrangulus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
  • † Gyraulus rasseri Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014†
  • † Gyraulus revertens (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus rhytidophorus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Gyraulus riparius[20]
  • Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852)[20]
  • Gyraulus stankovici Hadzisce, 1955[17]
  • Gyraulus rotula (Benson, 1850)
  • † Gyraulus rotundistomus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus rotundostomus Nützel & Bandel, 1993
  • † Gyraulus rumanus Wenz in Krejci-Graf & Wenz, 1932
  • † Gyraulus sabljari (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus sachsenhoferi Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2012
  • † Gyraulus seibersdorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus shasi Glöer & Pešić, 2007
  • Gyraulus sivalensis (Clessin, 1884)
  • † Gyraulus soceni Jekelius, 1944
  • † Gyraulus solenoeides (Lörenthey, 1902)
  • Gyraulus spirillus (Gould, 1859)
  • Gyraulus stankovici Hadžišče, 1953
  • † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus subhemistoma (d'Orbigny, 1852)
  • † Gyraulus sulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus supremus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus symmetricus (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • Gyraulus taseviensis Glöer & Girod, 2013
  • Gyraulus terekholicus (Prozorova & Starobogatov, 1997)
  • Gyraulus terraesacrae Rensch, 1934
  • Gyraulus tokyoensis (Mori, 1938)
  • Gyraulus transsylvanicus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875) †
  • Gyraulus trapezoides Polinski, 1929[17]
  • † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
  • † Gyraulus trolli (Sauerzopf, 1953)
  • † Gyraulus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944
  • Gyraulus vermicularis (Gould, 1847)
  • † Gyraulus vermicularis (Stoliczka, 1862)
  • † Gyraulus verticillus (Brusina, 1892)
  • † Gyraulus vrapceanus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
  • Gyraulus waterhousei (Clessin, 1885)
  • † Gyraulus zemendorfensis (Sauerzopf, 1953)
Species inquirenda
  • Gyraulus acutus Clessin, 1907
  • Gyraulus percarinatus Paraense, 2000 name unavailable under ICZN Art. 16.4)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Gyraulus deformis Hartmann, 1844: synonym of Gyraulus acronicus (Férussac, 1807)
  • † Gyraulus trochiformis applanatus (Thomä, 1845): synonym of † Gyraulus applanatus (Thomä, 1845)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis applanatus var. ludovici (Noulet, 1854): synonym of † Gyraulus ludovici (Noulet, 1854)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. aequeumbilicatus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subinvolutus Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis kleini var. subkleini Gottschick, 1920: synonym of † Gyraulus kleini (Gottschick & Wenz, 1916)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis steinheimensis var. parvus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus steinheimensis (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. teres (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus minutus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis subhemistoma var. triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus triquetrus (Hilgendorf, 1867)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. elegans (Hilgendorf, 1867): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)
  • † Gyraulus (Gyraulus) trochiformis trochiformis var. turbiniformis (von Zieten, 1832): synonym of † Gyraulus trochiformis (Stahl, 1824)

References
  1. Albrecht C., Kuhn K. & Streit B. (2007). "A molecular phylogeny of Planorboidea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): insights from enhanced taxon sampling". Zoologica Scripta 36: 27-39. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00258.x.
  2. Charpentier J. de (1837). "Catalogue des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la Suisse. Formant la seconde partie de la faune Helvétique". Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften - Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles 1(2): 1-28, Tab. I-II [= 1-2]. Neuchatel. page 21.
  3. Ivanov M., Hrdličková, S. & Gregorová, R. (2001) Encyklopedie zkamenělin. – Rebo Productions, Dobřejovice, 1. vydání, 312 pp., page 126. (in Czech)
  4. Pan, H. and Zhu, X. (2007). "Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropods from the Xiazhuang Formation in North China." Cretaceous Research, 28(2): 215-224. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.12.001
  5. Hartmann W. (1840). Erd- u. Süssw. Gast. (1), "Syst. Ueber."; 1842, (5, 6), 172.
  6. "Armiger". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  7. Polinski (1929). Glasnik srps. Kralj. Akad. Belgrade 65, 134, 161, 163.
  8. "Gyraulus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  9. Starobogatov (1967). Trudy zool. Inst. Leningr. 42: 296.
  10. Mousson A. (1873) [September 1872]. N. Denkschr. schweiz. Ges. 25: 15.
  11. "Nautilinus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  12. Dall (1905). Harriman Alaska Exp. 13: 83, 86.
  13. "Torquis". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  14. (in German) Glöer P. & Bössneck U. (2007). "Zur Identität von Gyraulus piscinarum (Bourguignat, 1852) mit der Beschreibung von G. bekaensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)". Mollusca 25(2): 139-146. PDF
  15. ncbi: Gyraulus convexiusculus
  16. Appleton C., Ghamizi M., Jørgensen A., Kristensen T. K., Lange C., Stensgaard A-S. & Van Damme D. (2009). Gyraulus costulatus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <http://www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011
  17. "Carinogyraulus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
  18. Vinarski M.V., Glöer P. & Palatov D.M. (2013) Gyraulus elenae sp. n. — a new planorbid snail from eastern Turkey (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Zootaxa 3664(1): 095–098
  19. Brown D. S. (1996). Gyraulus mauritianus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
  20. "Lamorbis". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 1 May 2011.
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