HD 134439/HD 134440

HD 134439 and HD 134440 are a pair of K-type runaway stars, nearly hypervelocity stars, in the constellation Libra. Although they are roughly 96 ly away, they have one of the highest proper motions of any star in the sky, travelling over 3.5 arcseconds every year.

HD 134439/HD 134440
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox 2015.5
Constellation Libra
HD 134439
Right ascension 15h 10m 12.012s
Declination −16° 23 40.78
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.066
HD 134440
Right ascension 15h 10m 11.88s
Declination −16° 28 41.39
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.426
Characteristics
HD 134439
Evolutionary stage subdwarf
Spectral type sd:K1Fe-1
Apparent magnitude (U) 10.03
Apparent magnitude (B) 9.837
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.066
Apparent magnitude (R) 8.604
Apparent magnitude (I) 8.160
Apparent magnitude (J) 7.70
Apparent magnitude (H) 7.09
Apparent magnitude (K) 7.04
HD 134440
Evolutionary stage subdwarf
Spectral type sdK2.5
Apparent magnitude (U) 10.69
Apparent magnitude (B) 10.217
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.426
Apparent magnitude (R) 8.913
Apparent magnitude (I) 8.441
Apparent magnitude (J) 7.74
Apparent magnitude (H) 7.27
Apparent magnitude (K) 7.19
Astrometry
HD 134439
Radial velocity (Rv)310.12±0.09 km/s
Total velocity599.73±0.62 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −997.999±0.085 mas/yr
Dec.: −3542.377±0.061 mas/yr
Parallax (π)33.987 ± 0.043 mas
Distance96.0 ± 0.1 ly
(29.42 ± 0.04 pc)
HD 134440
Radial velocity (Rv)310.77±0 km/s
Total velocity602.38±0.63 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −1000.615±0.077 mas/yr
Dec.: −3540.223±0.056 mas/yr
Parallax (π)33.796 ± 0.048 mas
Distance96.5 ± 0.1 ly
(29.59 ± 0.04 pc)
Orbit
PrimaryHD 134439
CompanionHD 134440
Period (P)5.3 ± 3 million yr
Semi-major axis (a)300.6"
(0.56 ± 0.25 light-years, 35,000 ± 16,000 AU)
Details
HD 134439
Mass~0.78 (predicted) M
Radius0.573+0.016
−0.017
 R
Temperature5136.5±74.5 K
Metallicity0.033±0.0008
Metallicity [Fe/H]-1.48 ± 0.01 dex
HD 134440
Mass~0.73 (predicted) M
Radius0.5345+0.0126
−0.0078
 R
Temperature4980+37
−58
 K
Metallicity0.038±0.0009
Metallicity [Fe/H]-1.42 ± 0.01 dex
Other designations
GJ 9511, GJ 579.2, BUP 161
GJ 9511A: HD 134439, HIP 74235
GJ9511B: HD 134440, HIP 74234
Database references
SIMBADHD 134439
HD 134440

The stars are believed to originate from outside of the Milky Way, likely from a destroyed, unusually dusty satellite galaxy.[1][2] They have an extremely low metallicity, only about 3.5% that of the Sun,[2] with unusual chemical abundances very different from those of stars formed anywhere in the galaxy.[1] Because of this, they are considered subdwarfs, and are less luminous than a main-sequence star of the same spectral type would be.

Binary system

It is unknown if HD 134439 and 134440 are actually orbiting each other, as at their distance, they would have to be a minimum 0.14 light-years (8,900 au) apart from each other, which would make them one of the widest binary systems known. Further adding to this, using Gaia data, HD 134440 appears to be 0.54±0.26 light years further than HD 134439,[3] resulting in a true separation of 0.56±0.25 light years from each other. If they are orbiting each other, they would have an orbital period on the scale of 5.3±3 million years, making them one of the longest period binary systems known as well.

Destroyed planet

In a 2018 study, it was found that HD 134440 had a noticeably higher metallicity than HD 134439, which could be potentially explained by the star having engulfed a planet orbiting it, suggesting that it may be possible for planets to form even around stars with extremely low content of planet-forming material.[2]

References

  1. Chen, Yu; King, Jeremy R.; Boesgaard, Ann M. (November 2014). "The Origin of the Metal-Poor Common Proper Motion Pair HD 134439/134440: Insights from New Elemental Abundances". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (945): 1010–1026. arXiv:1410.8646. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1010C. doi:10.1086/679290. ISSN 0004-6280.
  2. Reggiani, Henrique; Meléndez, Jorge (12 January 2018). "Evidences of extragalactic origin and planet engulfment in the metal-poor twin pair HD 134439/HD 134440". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 475 (3): 3502–3510. arXiv:1802.07469. Bibcode:2018MNRAS.475.3502R. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty104. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  3. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051.
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