HMAS Berrima

HMAS Berrima was a passenger liner which served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War I as an armed merchantman and troop transport. Launched in 1913 as the P&O liner SS Berrima, the ship initially carried immigrants from the United Kingdom to Australia via Cape Town. In August 1914, Berrima was requisitioned for military use, refitted and armed, and commissioned into the RAN as an auxiliary cruiser. The ship transported two battalions of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force to the German New Guinea colonies in September.

Berrima under construction in 1913
History
Australia
Owner: P & O
Builder: Caird & Company, Greenock
Launched: 13 September 1913
Acquired: August 1914 by RAN
Commissioned: 17 August 1914
Decommissioned: 20 October 1914
Honours and
awards:
  • Battle honours:
Fate: converted to troop ship, later damaged
United Kingdom
Name: Berrima
Operator: P & O
Acquired: 1914
In service: 24 March 1920
Fate: sold for breaking up 1930
General characteristics
Tonnage: 11,137 GRT
Length: 500 ft 2 in (152.45 m)
Beam: 62 ft 3 in (18.97 m)
Draught: 38 ft (12 m)
Propulsion: 2 × 4-cylinder quadruple expansion steam engines, 9,000 indicated horsepower (6,700 kW), twin screws
Speed: 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Capacity:
  • Civilian service:
    • 600 passengers
  • Naval service:
    • 1,500 soldiers
Armament: 4 × 4 in (102 mm) guns

Paid off from naval service in October 1914, Berrima then sailed as part of the second ANZAC troop convoy; in addition to carrying soldiers to the Middle East, the ship towed the submarine AE2. Berrima continued to work under the liner requisition scheme until 18 February 1917, when she was torpedoed. She was towed ashore and repaired, then requisitioned by the Shipping Controller as a stores and munitions ferry. Berrima returned to P&O service in 1920, and resumed the expatriate run. This continued until the route's cancellation in 1929. Berrima was sold for breaking up in 1930.

Construction and early career

The P&O passenger liner SS Berrima was built by Caird & Company, Greenock.[3] The 11,137 gross register ton vessel was one of five B-class passenger liners ordered for P&O's emigrant service from the United Kingdom to Australia via Cape of Good Hope, a route acquired when the company took ownership of the Blue Anchor Line in 1910.[3] Berrima was 500 feet 2 inches (152.45 m) in length, with a beam of 62 feet 3 inches (18.97 m),[3] and a draught of 38 ft (12 m). Propulsion machinery consisted of two 4-cylinder quadruple expansion steam engines producing 9,000 indicated horsepower (6,700 kW), connected to twin screws, with a top speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph).[3] The ship had permanent accommodation for 350 third-class passengers, plus room for another 250 passengers in temporary accommodation.[3]

Berrima was launched on 20 September 1913, and delivered to P&O on 5 December.[3] The liner sailed from London later that month on her maiden voyage, calling at Cape Town, Adelaide, and Melbourne before reaching Sydney.[3]

Military service

In August 1914, the ship was requisitioned for military service.[4] Berrima was taken to Cockatoo Island Dockyard on 12 August for refitting, but instead of being converted into a troop transport as originally planned, the ship underwent a six-day conversion for naval service.[5] The modifications included converting holds into accommodation for 1,500 officers and soldiers, establishing a hospital was on the upper deck, and fitting four 4-inch (102 mm) BL naval guns and magazines, two on the forecastle, two on the poop deck.[5] On 17 August, the ship was commissioned as the auxiliary cruiser HMAS Berrima, under the command of Commander J.B. Stevenson.[6][7] The ship's civilian officer complement were inducted into the Royal Australian Naval Reserve, and the crew was supplemented by Royal Navy and RAN sailors.[4]

Berrima left Sydney on 19 August 1914 carrying men of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force, consisting of a battalion of 1,000 infantry and a small battalion of 500 RAN Reservists and time-expired Royal Navy personnel, for operations against the German New Guinea colonies.[6] Berrima met the naval units of the expeditionary force off Rossel Island on 9 September.[4] Troops were landed at Herbertshöhe and Rabaul on 11 and 12 September respectively, and on the New Guinea mainland near Madang on 24 September.[8] The ship was retroactively awarded the battle honour "Rabaul 1914" in March 2010 to recognise these landings.[1][2] Berrima subsequently returned to Sydney and, despite plans to employ her as an armed merchant cruiser, was paid off on 20 October 1914.[9] She was converted to a troop transport in November 1914.[7]

In her new role, His Majesty's Australian Troop Transport (HMATT) Berrima sailed for the Middle East in December 1914 as part of the second troop convoy, carrying Australian and New Zealand troops and towing the submarine AE2.[10][11] Berrima continued to work under the liner requisition scheme until 18 February 1917, when she was torpedoed in the English Channel off Portland with the loss of four lives.[12][3] After the rest of the crew were evacuated by the destroyer HMS Forester, then towed into Portland Harbour, beached (due to the lack of drydock facilities), and repaired.[12][3] The Commonwealth relinquished control on 10 October 1917.[7] After being repaired she was requisitioned by the Shipping Controller for use as the Atlantic stores and munitions ferry service.[3]

Post-war career and fate

On 1 February 1920, while homeward bound, Berrima was stranded off Margate due to an error by the harbour pilot.[3] She was refloated the next evening.[3] Berrima was returned to commercial service on 24 March 1920, and was subsequently employed on the P&O Branch Line.[3] On 26 April 1929, Berrima departed on her final voyage to Australia, after which P&O shut down the UK to Australia via Cape Town route.[3]

On 16 July 1930, she was sold for £29,000 to Japanese shipbreakers Asakichi Kitagawa, for breaking up in Osaka.[3]

Commemoration

Australian rules footballer Bob Quinn was given the middle name "Berrima" in honour of the ship.[13]

Notes
  1. "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  2. "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  3. Cameron, Stuart. "SS Berrima". Clyde Built Database. Archived from the original on 15 November 2004. Retrieved 22 February 2014.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. Bastock 1975, p. 66.
  5. Plowman 2003, p. 37.
  6. Jose 1941, p. 75.
  7. Straczek 1996, p. 31.
  8. Jose 1941, pp. 81–94, 102.
  9. Jose 1941, pp. 104, 130–131.
  10. Stevens 2001, p. 44.
  11. Jose 1941, p. 239.
  12. Jose 1941, p. 420.
  13. Porter 2008, p. 3.

References
  • Bastock, John (1975). Australia's Ships of War. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. ISBN 0-207-12927-4.
  • Jose, Arthur (1941). The Royal Australian Navy, 1914–1918. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Volume I (9th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 271462423.
  • Plowman, Peter (2003). Across the Sea to War. Rosenberg Publishing. ISBN 1922013137.
  • Porter, A. (28 April 2008). "Bob Quinn – A Legend who Stuck by his Mates". The Independent Weekly: 3. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
  • Stevens, David (2001). The Royal Australian Navy. The Australian Centenary History of Defence. Volume III. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-555542-2.
  • Straczek, J.H. (1996). Royal Australian Navy: A-Z Ships, Aircraft and Shore Establishments. Sydney: Navy Public Affairs. ISBN 1876043784.

Further reading
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