Halitgar

In 822 he travelled to Denmark as a missionary with Ebbo of Rheims and Willeric of Bremen, though not to great immediate effect.[1] In 823 he was dedicating the church and relics of St Ursmer at Lobbes.[2] In 825, with Amalarius of Metz, he carried the conclusions of a Paris synod on iconoclasm to Louis the Pious.[3] He went as ambassador to Byzantium in 828.[4]

His De Paenitentia laid down qualities Christians should aspire to in their lives.[5] He discussed a distinction between killing in warfare (a sin), and in self-defense in battle.[6][7] Heavy penances for homosexual acts were imposed on older men.[8] The work is also a source for information about surviving pagan practices.[9]

It was written in five volumes, at Ebbo's request.[10] Ebbo's intention was to have a normative penitential; Halitgar set aside tariffs of penances for exhortations.[11][12] This work and the two attributed to Hrabanus Maurus were considered to supersede those written before, and were very influential, particularly in pre-Norman England.[13] At this point, "the books used by confessors began to consist more and more of instructions in the style of the later moral theology".[14]

His sources have been much debated:

• material from Gregory the Great, Prosper of Aquitaine, the Collectio Acheriana[10]
• the Canons of Elvira and other old collections[11]
• Julianus Pomerius[15]
• a source common to Halitgar, the Collectio quadripartita, and the penitential writings of Hrabanus Maurus.[16]

• Die altenglische Version des Halitgar'schen Bussbuches : (sog. Poenitentiale pseudo-Ecgberti), Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1964
• Raymund Kottje (1980), Die Bussbucher Halitgars von Cambrai und des Hrabanus Maurus: Ihre Uberlieferung und ihre Quellen