Hawker Aircraft

Hawker Aircraft Limited
Industry	Aviation
Fate	Merged into Hawker Siddeley Group
Predecessor	Sopwith Aviation Company; Sopwith Aviation & Engineering Company
Successor	Hawker Siddeley
Founded	1920 (as H G Hawker Engineering)
Defunct	1963
Headquarters	Kingston upon Thames, Greater London, United Kingdom
Number of locations	Langley; Dunsfold; Blackpool, United Kingdom
Key people	Harry Hawker; Thomas Sopwith; Sydney Camm
Subsidiaries	Gloster Aircraft Company (1934)

Hawker Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history.

History

Hawker had its roots in the aftermath of the First World War, which resulted in the bankruptcy of the Sopwith Aviation Company. Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker and three others, including Thomas Sopwith, bought the assets of Sopwith and formed H.G. Hawker Engineering in 1920.[1]

In 1933 the company was renamed Hawker Aircraft Limited, and it took advantage of the Great Depression and a strong financial position to purchase the Gloster Aircraft Company in 1934. The next year it merged with the engine and automotive company Armstrong Siddeley and its subsidiary, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, to form Hawker Siddeley Aircraft. This group also encompassed A. V. Roe and Company (Avro).

Hawker Aircraft continued to produce designs under its own name as part of Hawker Siddeley Aircraft, from 1955 a division of Hawker Siddeley Group. The "Hawker" brand name was dropped, along with those of the sister companies, in 1963; the Hawker P.1127 was the last aircraft to carry the brand.

The Hawker legacy was maintained by the American company Raytheon who produced business jets (including some derived from the 125, whose original design dated back to de Havilland days) under the "Hawker" name. This was the result of purchasing British Aerospace's product line in 1993. The name was also used by Hawker Beechcraft after Raytheon's business jet interests (Hawker and Beechcraft) were acquired by investors and merged.

Products

Hurricane Mk.I

The first Hawker design was the unbuilt Hawker Humpback of December 1920.[2] This was soon followed by the Hawker Duiker, the first prototype, which flew in July 1923.[3] In the interwar years, Hawker produced a successful line of bombers and fighters for the Royal Air Force, the product of Sydney Camm (later Sir Sydney) and his team. These included the Hawker Hind and the Hawker Hart, which became the most produced UK aeroplane in the years before the Second World War.[4]

During the Second World War, the Hawker Siddeley company was one of the United Kingdom's most important aviation concerns, producing numerous designs including the famous Hawker Hurricane fighter plane that, along with the Supermarine Spitfire, was instrumental in winning the Battle of Britain. During the battle, Hawker Hurricanes in service outnumbered all other British fighters combined, and were responsible for shooting down 55 percent of all enemy aircraft destroyed.

Hawker Hunter F.58 (UK code ZZ190, ex-Swiss Air Force)) of Hawker Hunter Aviation arrives at the 2018 RIAT, England

List

Hawker Duiker 1923 prototype – first original design by Hawker, 1 aircraft built, J6918[5][6]
Hawker Woodcock 1923
Hawker Cygnet 1924
Hawker Hedgehog 1924 prototype
Hawker Horsley 1925
Hawker Heron 1925
Hawker Hornbill 1925
Hawker Danecock 1925
Hawker Harrier 1927 prototype
Hawker Hawfinch 1927
Hawker Hart 1928
- Operators of Hawker Hart and variants
Hawker F.20/27 1928 prototype
Hawker Hoopoe 1928
Hawker Tomtit 1928
Hawker Hornet 1929
Hawker Osprey 1929
Hawker Nimrod 1930
Hawker Fury 1931
- Hawker Fury variants
Hawker Audax 1931
Hawker Dantorp 1932
Hawker Demon 1933
Hawker P.V.3 1934 prototype
Hawker Hart 1934
Hawker Hind 1934
- Hawker Hind variants
Hawker P.V.4 1934 prototype
Hawker Hartbeest 1935
Hawker Hurricane 1935
- Hawker Sea Hurricane
- Hawker Hurricane variants
- List of Hawker Hurricane operators
- List of surviving Hawker Hurricanes
Hawker Hector 1936
Hawker Henley 1937
Hawker Hotspur 1938
Hawker Tornado 1939
Hawker Typhoon 1940
- List of Hawker Typhoon operators
Hawker Tempest 1942
- List of Hawker Tempest operators
Hawker F.2/43 Fury 1943 prototype
Hawker Sea Fury 1944
- List of Hawker Sea Fury operators
Hawker P.1040 1947 prototype
Hawker Sea Hawk 1947
- List of Hawker Sea Hawk operators
Hawker P.1052 1948 prototype
Hawker P.1072 1950 prototype
Hawker P.1078 prototype
Hawker P.1081 1950 prototype
Hawker Hunter 1951
- Hawker Hunter variants
- List of Hawker Hunter operators
- Hawker Hunter in service with Swiss Air Force
Hawker P.1127 1960 prototype

Projects

Source: Hannah (1982)[7]

Hawker P.1000
Hawker P.1004
Hawker P.1005
Hawker P.1007
Hawker P.1008
Hawker P.1014
Hawker P.1017
Hawker P.1021
Hawker P.1025
Hawker P.1027
Hawker P.1028
Hawker P.1029
Hawker P.1030
Hawker P.1031
Hawker P.1037
Hawker P.1041
Hawker P.1044
Hawker P.1048
Hawker P.1049
Hawker P.1050
Hawker P.1051
Hawker P.1053
Hawker P.1054
Hawker P.1055
Hawker P.1056
Hawker P.1057
Hawker P.1058
Hawker P.1063
Hawker P.1064
Hawker P.1065
Hawker P.1069
Hawker P.1070
Hawker P.1071
Hawker P.1073
Hawker P.1077
Hawker P.1079
Hawker P.1082
Hawker P.1084
Hawker P.1085
Hawker P.1088
Hawker P.1089
Hawker P.1092
Hawker P.1093
Hawker P.1096
Hawker P.1098
Hawker P.1103 1950s interceptor project
Hawker P.1104
Hawker P.1106
Hawker P.1107
Hawker P.1108
Hawker P.1121 late 1950s fighter project
Hawker P.1124
Hawker P.1125
Hawker P.1126
Hawker P.1128
Hawker P.1129
Hawker P.1131
Hawker P.1132
Hawker P.1134
Hawker P.1136
Hawker P.1137
Hawker P.1139
Hawker P.1141
Hawker P.1143
Hawker P.1149
Hawker P.1152
Hawker P.1214

Key people

Harry Hawker in May 1919

Aircraft designers and engineers

Chief Test Pilots

References

Citations

Mason 1991, p. 11.
Mason 1991, p. 638.
Mason 1991, p. 100.
Mason 1991, p. 221.
Hannah 1982, p. 15.
James 1973, p. 15.
Donald Hannah, Flypast Reference Library - Hawker, Key Publishing 1982

Bibliography

Buttler, Tony (2017). British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950 ( 2nd edition) (Hardback). Manchester: Crecy Publishing. ISBN 978-1-910-80905-1.
Hannah, Donald (1982). Hawker FlyPast Reference Library. Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK: Key Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-946219-01-X..
James, Derek N. (1973) [First published in the UK by Ian Allan in 1972]. Hawker, an Aircraft Album No. 5. New York: Arco Publishing Company. ISBN 0-668-02699-5.
Mason, Francis K. (1991). Hawker Aircraft since 1920 (3rd revised edition). London: Putnam & Company. ISBN 0-85177-839-9..

External links

Hawker – British Aircraft Directory

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[FOOTNOTEMason199111-1] Mason 1991, p. 11.

[FOOTNOTEMason1991638-2] Mason 1991, p. 638.

[FOOTNOTEMason1991100-3] Mason 1991, p. 100.

[FOOTNOTEMason1991221-4] Mason 1991, p. 221.

[FOOTNOTEHannah198215-5] Hannah 1982, p. 15.

[FOOTNOTEJames197315-6] James 1973, p. 15.

[7] Donald Hannah, Flypast Reference Library - Hawker, Key Publishing 1982

Hawker and Hawker Siddeley aircraft
By project number	P.1000 P.1001 P.1002 P.1003 P.1004 P.1005 P.1006 P.1007 P.1008 P.1009 P.1010 P.1011 P.1012 P.1013 P.1014 P.1015 P.1016 P.1017 P.1018 P.1019 P.1020 P.1021 P.1022 P.1023 P.1024 P.1025 P.1027 P.1028 P.1029 P.1030 P.1031 P.1032 P.1033 P.1034 P.1035 P.1036 P.1037 P.1038 P.1039 P.1040 P.1041 P.1042 P.1043 P.1044 P.1045 P.1046 P.1047 P.1048 P.1049 P.1050 P.1051 P.1052 P.1053 P.1054 P.1055 P.1056 P.1057 P.1058 P.1059 P.1060 P.1061 P.1062 P.1063 P.1064 P.1065 P.1067 P.1068 P.1069 P.1070 P.1071 P.1072 P.1073 P.1074 P.1075 P.1076 P.1077 P.1078 P.1079 P.1080 P.1081 P.1082 P.1083 P.1084 P.1085 P.1087 P.1088 P.1089 P.1090 P.1091 P.1092 P.1093 P.1094 P.1095 P.1096 P.1097 P.1098 P.1099 P.1100 P.1101 P.1102 P.1103 P.1104 P.1105 P.1106 P.1107 P.1108 P.1109 P.1114 P.1115 P.1116 P.1118 P.1120 P.1121 P.1122 P.1123 P.1124 P.1125 P.1126 P.1127 P.1128 P.1129 P.1130 P.1131 P.1132 P.1134 P.1136 P.1137 P.1139 P.1140 P.1141 P.1143 P.1149 P.1150 P.1152 P.1154 P.1155 P.V.3 P.V.4
By name	Audax P.1081 ("Australian") Cygnet Danecock Dantorp Demon Duiker Hawker F.20/27 Fury Hardy Harrier Hart Hawfinch Hector Hedgehog Henley Heron Hind Hoopoe Hornbill Hornet Horsley Hotspur Hunter (variants) Hurricane (variants) Kestrel Nimrod Osprey Sea Fury Sea Hawk Tempest Tomtit Tornado Typhoon Woodcock
Hawker Siddeley	Andover Buccaneer Harrier (variants) Hawk HS.125 HS.141 HS.146 HS.681 HS.748 Nimrod Sea Vixen Trident P.139B P.1127 Kestrel P.1154