Heartland rock

Heartland rock is a genre of rock music characterized by a straightforward, often roots musical style, a concern with farmers, blue-collar working men, and truck drivers of American life, and a conviction that rock music has a social or communal purpose beyond just entertainment.

Heartland rock
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsLate 1970s, Midwestern and Southern United States
Regional scenes
Midwestern United States and the Rust Belt
Other topics

The genre is exemplified by singer-songwriters Tom Petty, Bob Seger, Bruce Springsteen and John Mellencamp and country music artists, including Steve Earle and Joe Ely. The genre developed in the 1970s and reached its commercial peak in the 1980s, when it became one of the best-selling genres in the United States. In the 1990s, many established acts faded and the genre began to fragment, but the major figures have continued to record with commercial success.

Characteristics
Bruce Springsteen, the most commercially successful act in the genre of heartland rock, performing in East Berlin in 1988

The term heartland rock was not coined to describe a clear genre until the 1980s.[1] In terms of style, it often uses straightforward rock and roll, sometimes with elements of Americana with a basic rhythm and blues line-up of drums, keyboards and occasional horn section instruments like a saxophone. However, this common definition may represent an oversimplification given that Bruce Springsteen's Born in the USA, most often thought of as the archetypal heartland rock record, made heavy use of synthesizers, most notably on the hit singles "Dancing in the Dark", "Glory Days" and the title track. Lyrics are often presented in a style that is raspy and unpolished, adding a sense of authenticity.[2] The genre was most strongly influenced by American country, folk, 1960s garage rock, the Rolling Stones, and folk rock acts such as Hank Williams, Woody Guthrie,[3] Creedence Clearwater Revival, Bob Dylan, and The Byrds.[4]

Verses in heartland rock songs often tell stories. In some songs, those stories are about people undergoing hard times; choruses are often anthemic in tone.[5] The genre is associated with working-class regions of the Midwest and the Rust Belt.[6] It has been characterized as a predominantly romantic genre, celebrating "urban backstreets and rooftops",[7] and its major themes include alienation, despair, "unemployment, small-town decline, disillusionment, limited opportunity and bitter nostalgia".[5][8]

History

Origins

Many major heartland rock artists began their careers in the 1960s, as with Bob Seger, or the 1970s, as with Bruce Springsteen and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. Springsteen would be the first artist to bring heartland rock to US and international attention, and is its most commercially successful exponent. After a series of critically highly regarded, but modestly selling albums with the E Street Band, he achieved his breakthrough in 1975 with Born to Run,[9] which presented stories of loss, betrayal, defeat and escape in the context of his native New Jersey shoreline, with songs influenced by 50s rock and roll, Bob Dylan and Phil Spector's Wall of Sound.[10] While Springsteen struggled for three years with legal disputes, other artists in a similar vein came to the fore. These artists included Bob Seger and the Silver Bullet Band, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, and fellow Jersey Shore residents Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes.[9]

In 1978, Springsteen returned with Darkness on the Edge of Town, which reached the top ten in the US and then the number one album The River (1980), which continued the themes of economic and personal dissolution, produced a series of hit singles,[9] and has been seen as "getting the heartland rock bandwagon rolling", together with the stripped-down sound and darker themes of his next album Nebraska (1982).[5]

Peak
John Mellencamp, shown in 2007, among the most successful of the "second generation" of acts in the genre

The genre reached its commercial peak with Springsteen's Born in the U.S.A. in 1984. The 1980s saw the continued success of artists such as John Fogerty and the Steve Miller Band, as well as the arrival of new artists like John Mellencamp, Michael Stanley, George Thorogood, John Cafferty, Drive-By Truckers, Kentucky Headhunters, Bruce Hornsby & the Range, Iron City Houserockers, Leon Russell, John Hiatt, Lucinda Williams,[11] and BoDeans.[12] A number of roots music and country music artists like Steve Earle,[13] The Tractors, Hot Club of Cow Town, and Joe Ely also became associated with the genre.[14]

The first significant female artist in the genre was Melissa Etheridge, whose self-titled debut album issued in 1988 drew critical comparisons with Springsteen and Mellencamp.[2][15]

Decline

In the 1990s, many artists that would have been heartland rockers in the 1980s chose to pursue the recently emerged genre of Americana,[16] and heartland rock dwindled to a few stalwart artists.[17]

Influence
Melissa Etheridge, the first significant female figure in the genre, performing live in 2010

Heartland rock can be heard as an influence on artists as diverse as Billy Joel[5] and Kid Rock. Kid Rock has performed in concert with John Mellencamp and recorded a duet with Bob Seger for the latter's Face the Promise album.[18] Kid Rock's 2008 hit "All Summer Long" was inspired by Seger's classic "Night Moves" as well as "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd and "Werewolves of London" by Warren Zevon.[19] American indie rock bands the Killers and the War on Drugs have been associated with the genre.[20][21]

See also

Notes
  1. Mitchell K. Hall (May 9, 2014). The Emergence of Rock and Roll: Music and the Rise of American Youth Culture. Routledge. pp. 184–. ISBN 978-1-135-05358-1.
  2. J. A. Peraino, Listening to the Sirens: Musical Technologies of Queer Identity from Homer to Hedwig (University of California Press, 2005), ISBN 0-520-21587-7, p. 137.
  3. T. Weschler and G. Graff, Travelin' Man: On the Road and Behind the Scenes with Bob Seger (Wayne State University Press, 2009), ISBN 0-8143-3459-8, p. xvi.
  4. "Country rock". Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  5. J. Pareles (August 30, 1987), "Heartland rock: Bruce's children", New York Times, archived from the original on March 5, 2016
  6. G. Thompson, American Culture in the 1980s (Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0-7486-1910-0, p. 138.
  7. K. Keightley, "Reconsidering rock" in S. Frith, W. Straw and J. Street, eds, The Cambridge Companion to Pop and Rock (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), ISBN 0-521-55660-0, p. 138.
  8. C. Detweiler and B. Taylor, A Matrix of Meanings: Finding God in Pop Culture (Baker Academic, 2003), ISBN 0-8010-2417-X, p. 145,
  9. W. Ruhlmann, "Bruce Springsteen: Biography", Allmusic, archived from the original on December 29, 2010
  10. J. Ankeny, "Born to Run — Bruce Springsteen: song review", Allmusic, archived from the original on May 29, 2011
  11. "Hearland rock". Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  12. Himes, Geoffrey (June 6, 1986). "The BoDeans' Heartland Rock". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  13. S. T. Erlewine, "Steve Earle: Biography", Allmusic, retrieved December 16, 2010.
  14. W. Ruhlmann, "Joe Ely: Biography", Allmusic, retrieved December 16, 2010.
  15. G. Prato, "Melissa Etheridge: Biography", Allmusic, retrieved December 16, 2010.
  16. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-country/inside-the-americana-genres-identity-crisis-202818/
  17. "Hearland rock". Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  18. A. Light, "Bob Seger, Once the Voice of Detroit, Is the Newest Star in Nashville", New York Times, September 3, 2006, retrieved December 17, 2010.
  19. "Kid Rock: Rock n' Roll Jesus", Rolling Stone, retrieved December 15, 2010.
  20. A. Leahey, The Killers: biography, Allmusic, retrieved November 22, 2012.
  21. S. T. Erlewine, "The Killers: Sam's Town, review", Allmusic, retrieved December 10, 2010.
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