History of rail transport in Mauritania

The history of rail transport in Mauritania began in 1940, with the commencement of preparatory work for the construction of the Mauritania Railway, a single track, 704 km (437 mi) standard gauge line connecting a then proposed iron mine in Zouerate with the port of Nouadhibou, via Fderik and Choum. Construction of the line began in 1961 and was completed in 1963.[1]

This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series
SNIM Class CC 01-21 locomotive on the Mauritania Railway with a track maintenance train, 1994.

Geography

The line follows the northern border of Mauritania. Under the influence of the French colonial administration of what was then French West Africa, it was designed and built to European standards by the joint stock Societe Anonyme des Mines de Fer de Mauritanie (MIFERMA). Since 1974, it has been owned by the parastatal Societe Nationale Industrielle et Minière (SNIM).

At about 460 km (286 mi) from Nouadhibou, the Mauritania Railway originally passed through the 2 km (1 mi) long and steeply graded Choum Tunnel, to avoid passing through part of the Río de Oro territory in Western Sahara, which was then occupied by Spain. Since the end of the Western Sahara War in 1991, a 5 km (3 mi) diversion of the line has been built through the Polisario-controlled Free Zone of Río de Oro, thus enabling the closure of the Choum Tunnel.

The line has been used to carry passengers as well as iron ore. It was operated initially by French built Alstom Class CC 01-21 locomotives, but these have been gradually phased out since 1997 and replaced with EMD SDL40-2 motive power.

See also

Notes
  1. "Mauritania, a Nation of Moorish Nomads, Suddenly Finds Herself in 20th Century". The New York Times. January 20, 1964. last June, the 20th century elbowed its way into this Biblical picture

References
  • Dejouhanet, Lucie (2006). "Le chemin de fer en Mauritanie. Composant d'un modèle minier ou moyen de développement d'une région?" [The railway in Mauritania. Component of a mining model or part of the development of a region?]. In Chaléard, Jean-Louis; Chanson-Jabeur, Chantal (eds.). Le chemin de fer en Afrique [The Railway in Africa] (in French). Paris: Karthala, PRODIG, SEDET. pp. 293–306. ISBN 2-84586-643-7.
  • Hollingsworth, J B (1980). Atlas of the World's Railways. Adelaide: Rigby. p. 230. ISBN 0-7270-0305-4.

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