Hope Hale Davis

Hope Hale Davis (née Frances Hope Hale) (November 2, 1903 – October 2, 2004) was a 20th-century American feminist (or "proto-feminist") and communist, later author and writing teacher.

Background

Davis was born Frances Hope Hale on November 2, 1903 in Iowa City, Iowa, the fifth and youngest child of Hal Hale, a school superintendent, and Frances McFarland, a teacher. Her father died young, and her mother remarried to John Overholt. When her stepfather died, too, Davis and her mother moved to Washington, D.C.

There, Davis studied at the new Corcoran School of Art and George Washington University, as well as Cincinnati University and the Portland School of Art. She did not obtain a college degree.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Career

In 1924, Davis became assistant to the Stuart Walker Repertory Company's art director, for whom she painted scenery and designed costumes.[1][4] In 1926, she moved to New York City, where she worked in advertising as a secretary at the Frank Presbrey Agency. There, she wrote copy and sold drawings. She left to become a freelance writer, publishing stories in magazines such as Collier's, The New Yorker, and Bookman. In 1929, she became promotion manager for Life magazine. In 1931, she founded and edited Love Mirror, a women's pulp magazine.[1][4]

In February 1933, she moved to Washington, D.C., where she worked on the Consumers' Counsel of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) under Frederic C. Howe. Her third husband, German economist Karl Brunck, worked for the National Recovery Administration.[1][6][7]

She joined the Soviet spy ring called the "Ware Group", as recounted later in her memoir. In 1934, one group meeting included J. Peters, Lee Pressman, Marion Bachrach, and John Abt. Other members included Harold Ware, Charles Kramer, Alger Hiss, Nathaniel Weyl, Laurence Duggan, Harry Dexter White, Abraham George Silverman, Nathan Witt, Julian Wadleigh, Henry Collins, and Victor Perlo.[6]

After Brunck's death, Davis returned to New York City, where she worked as a freelance writer, crafting short stories with underlying Communist themes. During her years married to Robert Gorham Davis, she edited his work while writing herself for Redbook and Town & Country, and New Leader magazines.[1][6]

In 1954, she identified her husband Robert Gorham Davis to the FBI as a communist, along with Len De Caux and his wife, Herman Brunce, John and Elizabeth Donovan, Harold Ware, Charles Kramer and his wife, John Abt and his wife Jessica Smith Ware Abt and his sister Marion Bachrach, Donald Hiss, Jacob Golos, Joseph Freeman, and Joe Currant, along with Pressman, Perlo, Silverman, Collins, Witt, and Alger Hiss.[8]

In 1983-84 she was a fellow at the Bunting Institute at Radcliffe College. In 1985, she received an invitation to remain as a visiting scholar. She taught a class in writing from 1985 until a month before her death. Seminar titles included "How to Keep a Journal" and "Autobiography as Detective Story."[1][3][5][7]

Personal life

Davis briefly married her first husband, vaudeville scenery designer George Patrick Wood. In 1932, Davis married her second husband, British journalist Claud Cockburn.[9] They did not live together and divorced in 1934 when Cockburn purportedly abandoned Davis while she was pregnant.[9] Their daughter was Claudia Cockburn (died 1998), who married British performer Michael Flanders (died 1975) and had two daughters, journalists Stephanie and Laura Flanders.[1][2][3][4][5]

In 1934, she married German economist and Communist Karl Hermann Brunck, who suffered a breakdown and entered a mental institution for treatment by psychologist Frieda Fromm-Reichmann. He committed suicide in 1937.[1][2][3][4][5]

In 1939, she left the Communist Party over the Hitler-Stalin Pact, though she remained a "committed leftist". Over the same international incident, Whittaker Chambers met with New Dealer Adolf A. Berle and named Davis as a member of the Ware Group, although he did not cite her name during subpoenaed testimony before HUAC on August 3, 1948.[3][7][10]

That same year, she married fellow Communist, professor, and literary critic Robert Gorham Davis (died 1998), whom she met during a congress of the League of American Writers; the couple had two children, Stephen and Lydia.[1][2][3][5] In the 1950s and 1960s, the Davises lived on the Upper West Side of New York City and were friends with Bernard Malamud, Lionel Trilling, and Diana Trilling. In the 1970s, they moved to Connecticut. In 1983, they moved to Boston after she received a fellowship from Radcliffe.[4]

Death

Hope Hale Davis died of pneumonia in Boston on October 2, 2004, at age 100.[1][2][3][4][5][7]

Legacy

At her death, the Guardian called her an "American author who defied social conventions with her feminist, leftwing beliefs."[3] The New York Sun called her a "semi-regretful ex-communist."[4]

Davis' 1994 memoir recounts her membership in and details of the Soviet infiltration apparatus called the 1930s "Ware Group," controlled by J. Peters, founded by Harold Ware, and run successively by Ware, Whittaker Chambers, and Victor Perlo. Her book served as a major source for a biography of J. Peters by scholar Thomas L. Sakmyster.[11][5]

Her papers include correspondence with numerous communists, New York intellectuals, and even Ware Group members, including Malcolm Cowley, Alfred Kazin, Philip Roth, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Diana Trilling, Sylvia Townsend Warner, and Nathaniel Weyl. (The online reference leaves out reference to most Ware Group members, however, including J. Peters, Harold Ware, Whittaker Chambers, and those named by Chambers before HUAC in August 1948.)[1]

Works

Of her 1994 memoir, Kirkus wrote: "Davis's account of that experience is masterful; she captures the intrigue of underground culture and the seductive, even irresistible, logic of Communist solutions, as well as Party operatives' frightening refusal to see contradictions or hear dissent."[12]

Books:

  • The Dark Way to the Plaza (New York: Doubleday, 1968)[13]
  • Great Day Coming: A Memoir of the 1930s (Hanover, NH: Steerforth Press, 1994)[12][14]
  • While Venice Sinks (unpublished)[1]

Articles:

  • "Musings of a Connoisseur" (New Yorker, 1931)
  • "Real Romance" (New Yorker, 1939)
  • "Wonderful Visit" (New Yorker, 1942)
  • "A Memoir: Looking Back on My Years in the Party" (New Leader, 1980)

See also

References

  1. "Davis, Hope Hale. Papers of Hope Hale Davis, 1831-1835, 1916-2002". Harvard University Library]. August 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  2. "Hope Hale Davis, 100: Early Feminist, Radcliff Teacher". Chicago Tribune. October 8, 2004. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  3. "Hope Hale Davis". Guardian. October 15, 2004. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  4. Miller, Stephen (October 15, 2004). "Hope Hale Davis, 100, Teacher and Memoirist of Radical Romance in 1930s". New York Sun. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  5. "Hope Hale Davis, 100; Author, Writing Teacher, Feminist and Communist". Los Angeles Times. October 7, 2004. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  6. "Hope Hale Davis". Spartacus Education. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  7. Pollak, Charles F. (October 7, 2004). "Radcliffe Professor, Writer Dies at 100". Harvard Crimson. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  8. "FOIA: Hiss, Alger-Whittaker Chambers-NYC-53". 1954. p. 302. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
  9. Parker, Peter (2005) [2004]. Isherwood: A Life. London: Picador. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-330-32826-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  10. "Adolf Berle's Notes on his Meeting with Whittaker Chambers". John Earl Haynes. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  11. Sakmyster, Thomas L. (2011). Red Conspirator: J. Peters and the American Communist Underground. University of Illinois Press. pp. 75–92, 94–97, 104, 119, 131, 138, 146, 175. ISBN 9780252035982.
  12. "Great Day Coming: A Memoir of the 1930s". Kirkus. November 21, 1994. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  13. "The Dark Way to the Plaza". Kirkus. March 1, 1986. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
  14. Davis, Hope Hale (1994). Great Day Coming: A Memoir of the 1930s. Steerforth Press. ISBN 9781883642174. Retrieved 3 February 2019.

Sources

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