I/O scheduling

Input/output (I/O) scheduling is the method that computer operating systems use to decide in which order the block I/O operations will be submitted to storage volumes. I/O scheduling is sometimes called disk scheduling.

For process scheduling, see Scheduling (computing). For process management, see Process management (computing).
The position of I/O schedulers within various layers of the Linux kernel's storage stack.[1]

I/O scheduling

I/O scheduling usually has to work with hard disk drives that have long access times for requests placed far away from the current position of the disk head (this operation is called a seek). To minimize the effect this has on system performance, most I/O schedulers implement a variant of the elevator algorithm that reorders the incoming randomly ordered requests so the associated data would be accessed with minimal arm/head movement.

I/O schedulers can have many purposes depending on the goals; common purposes include the following

  • To minimize time wasted by hard disk seeks
  • To prioritize a certain processes' I/O requests
  • To give a share of the disk bandwidth to each running process
  • To guarantee that certain requests will be issued before a particular deadline

Scheduling disciplines

Common scheduling disciplines include the following:

See also

References
  1. Werner Fischer; Georg Schönberger (2015-06-01). "Linux Storage Stack Diagram". Thomas-Krenn.AG. Retrieved 2015-06-08.
  2. "mClock: Handling Throughput Variability for Hypervisor IO Scheduling". VMware Inc. Retrieved 2015-07-12.
  3. "Budget Fair Queueing I/O Scheduler".
  4. "BFQ I/O Scheduler Queued For Linux 4.12 - Phoronix". www.phoronix.com.
  5. "blk-mq: Kyber multiqueue I/O scheduler [LWN.net]". lwn.net. 14 Apr 2017. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
  6. "BFQ I/O Scheduler Lands Along With New Kyber Scheduler - Phoronix". www.phoronix.com. 1 May 2017.

Further reading
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