I Vow to Thee, My Country

Sir Cecil Spring Rice

The origin of the hymn's text is a poem by diplomat Sir Cecil Spring Rice, written in 1908 or 1912, entitled "Urbs Dei" ("The City of God") or "The Two Fatherlands". The poem described how a Christian owes his loyalties to both his homeland and the heavenly kingdom.

In 1908, Spring Rice was posted to the British Embassy in Stockholm. In 1912, he was appointed as Ambassador to the United States of America, where he influenced the administration of Woodrow Wilson to abandon neutrality and join Britain in the war against Germany. After the United States entered the war, he was recalled to Britain. Shortly before his departure from the US in January 1918, he re-wrote and renamed "Urbs Dei", significantly altering the first verse to concentrate on the themes of love and sacrifice rather than "the noise of battle" and "the thunder of her guns", creating a more sombre tone in view of the dreadful loss of life suffered in the Great War. The first verse in both versions invoke Britain (in the 1912 version, anthropomorphised as Britannia with sword and shield; in the second version, simply called "my country"); the second verse, the Kingdom of Heaven.

According to Sir Cecil's granddaughter, the rewritten verse of 1918 was never intended to appear alongside the first verse of the original poem but was replacing it; the original first verse is nevertheless sometimes known as the "rarely sung middle verse".[2] The text of the original poem was sent by Spring Rice to William Jennings Bryan in a letter shortly before his death in February 1918.[3]

The poem circulated privately for a few years until it was set to music by Holst, to a tune he adapted from his Jupiter to fit the words of the poem. It was performed as a unison song with orchestra in the early 1920s, and it was finally published as a hymn in 1925/6 in the Songs of Praise hymnal (no. 188).

It was included in later hymnals, including:[4]

In 1921, Gustav Holst adapted the music from a section of Jupiter from his suite The Planets to create a setting for the poem. The music was extended slightly to fit the final two lines of the first verse. At the request of the publisher Curwen, Holst made a version as a unison song with orchestra (Curwen also published Sir Hubert Parry's unison song with orchestra, "Jerusalem"). This was probably first performed in 1921 and became a common element at Armistice memorial ceremonies, especially after it was published as a hymn in 1926.[5]

In 1926, Holst harmonised the tune to make it usable as a hymn, which was included in the hymnal Songs of Praise.[6] In that version, the lyrics were unchanged, but the tune was then called "Thaxted" (named after the village where Holst lived for many years). The editor of the new (1926) edition of Songs of Praise was Holst's close friend Ralph Vaughan Williams, which may have provided the stimulus for Holst's co-operation in producing the hymn.

Holst's daughter Imogen recorded that, at "the time when he was asked to set these words to music, Holst was so over-worked and over-weary that he felt relieved to discover they 'fitted' the tune from Jupiter".[7]

The hymn as printed in Songs of Praise (1925) consisted only of the two verses of the 1918 version, credited "Words: Cecil Spring-Rice, 1918; Music: Thaxted", as follows:[8]

The final line of the second verse is based on Proverbs 3:17, "Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace" (KJV), in the context of which the feminine pronoun refers to Wisdom.

The original first verse of Spring-Rice's poem "Urbs Dei"/"The Two Father Lands" (1908–1912), never set to music, was as follows:[10]

"I Vow to Thee, My Country" is popularly sung at Remembrance Day services

First performed in 1921, it is still associated with Remembrance Day services all over the Commonwealth of Nations.[12]

• The hymn was used at the funeral of Sir Winston Churchill in 1965.
• Diana, Princess of Wales, requested that the hymn be sung at her wedding to Prince Charles in 1981, saying that it had "always been a favourite since schooldays". It was also sung at her funeral in 1997 and her tenth-year memorial service in 2007.[13]
• It was sung at the funeral of Baroness Thatcher on 17 April 2013.[14]
• In August 2004, Stephen Lowe, Bishop of Hulme criticised the hymn in a diocese newsletter, calling it "heretical".[15]
• It is the school hymn of St Paul's Girls' School (where Holst taught),[16] the former Wykeham House School and The Diocesan College in South Africa, and the "house hymn" of Edith Nainby at Havergal College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[17]
• Julian Mitchell's 1981 play Another Country, and the 1984 film of the same name, derive their titles from the words of the second stanza of "I Vow to Thee, My Country".[18]
• The hymn was played at United States Senator John McCain's funeral service at the Washington National Cathedral on September 1, 2018.[19]
• The hymn formed the basis of the theme of the English civilization in the video game Civilization V.
• It is included on the soundtrack from the 2018 video game Battlefield V.[20]
• It was used in an advert for Tesco meat in 2013 in the aftermath of the 2013 horse meat scandal, promising sourcing all meat from British and Irish farms.
• The song was used in an advert for J2O in 2018 with an anthropomorphic alpaca called Mojo.
• This hymn is sung in The Crown, Season 1, Episode 1 (2016), as Winston Churchill enters Westminster Abbey for the marriage of Princess Elizabeth to Philip Mountbatten.[21]

• I Vow to Thee, My Country at CyberHymnal.
• I Vow to Thee, My Country at Hymnary.org.
• Libera (choir):

• I Vow to Thee, my country (Angel Voices. Libera in concert; music; concert in Leiden-2007); Libera Official, 2016 (Youtube).
• I vow to Thee, my country (video; concert in Leiden-2007). Youtube, 2008.
• I vow to Thee, my country (Free; music); Libera Official, 2014 (Youtube)