Indian Open (tennis)
The Indian Open originally called the All India Championships [1] or formally the All India Lawn Tennis Championships [1] and also known as The National Lawn Tennis Championships of India and later the Indian International Championships is a defunct combined (men's and women's) tennis tournament. It was played from 1910 until 1982 and the men's event was part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit, 1970 to 1979. It was held in various cities in, India and was played outdoor on multiple surfaces. Ramanathan Krishnan won most titles during the pre-Open era with six titles and Vijay Amritraj won most titles during the open era with four titles.
| Indian Open | |
|---|---|
| Defunct tennis tournament | |
| Tour | Grand Prix circuit |
| Founded | 1910 |
| Abolished | 1982 |
| Editions | 50 (men's), 68 (women's) |
| Location | Various India |
| Surface | Clay, Grass, Hard |
History
Lawn tennis in India can be traced back within the first decade of the establishment of the Wimbledon championships with early local championships being established in places like Punjab (1885) and Calcutta (1887).[1] However, there was no national championships, in 1910 colonial officers of the British Raj established the All India Lawn Tennis Championships in Allahabad [1] which was 10 years before the All India Tennis Association was founded. The championships staged both men's and women's singles play and also doubles.[1] In 1946, the All-India Championships tournament was renamed the National Lawn Tennis Championships of India by the India Lawn Tennis Association. The tournament was hosted at different cities around India and was also played on different surfaces, such as grass courts (1910–59, 1964–66, 1969, 1970, 1973), hard courts (1967) and clay courts (1960–61, 1974–79).[2]
Venues
The tournament was staged in different cities for the duration of its run they included:[3]
| Host city | years staged |
|---|---|
| Allahabad [4] | 1910–1938, 1944, 1946–1949, 1950–1951 |
| Bombay | 1939, 1974, 1977, 1979 |
| Calcutta [5] | 1940, 1952–1953, 1955, 1957–1959, 1962, 1964–1965, 1967, 1975, 1978 |
| Baroda | 1941 |
| Lahore | 1942 |
| Indore | 1943 |
| Madras [6] | 1944, 1945, 1954 |
| New Delhi | 1956, 1960–1961, 1966, 1969, 1970, 1980, 1982 |
| Bangalore | 1976 |
| Pune | 1981 |
Finals
Included:[7]
Men's singles
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 |  Edmund Atkinson [8] |  Lewis Seymour Deane | 7–5, 7–5, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1911 | H. W. Davies [9] |  John Rendall | ? | ||||||
| 1912 | H. W. Davies [10] |  H. Nelson-Wright | 6–0, 6–3, 2–6, 4–6, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1913 | Edmund Atkinson [11] | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1914 | Edmund Atkinson [12] | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1915 | ? | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1916 | Mohammed Sleem [13] | Udupi Diggavi Ranga Rao | 6–2, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1917–18 | Not held | ||||||||
| 1919 | Mr.Nagu | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1920 | ? | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1921 | Edward Vivian Bobb [14] | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1922 | Mohammed Sleem [15] | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Harry Lewis-Barclay | 8–6, 6–1, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1923 | S.K. Mukerji [16] | Sandford Wilson Bobb | 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1924 | Eric Burn Andreae [17] | Sri-Krishna Prasada | 8–6, 7–5, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1925 | Eric Burn Andreae [18] | Jagat Mohan Lal | 6–4, 6–3, 6–8, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1926 | Edward Vivian Bobb [19] | Sri-Krishna Prasada | 6–2, 4–6, 4–6, 6–2, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1927 | Edward Vivian Bobb [20] | Dip Narain Kapoor | 5–7, 7–5, 8–6, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1928–29 | Not held | ||||||||
| 1930 | Edward Vivian Bobb [21] | Dip Narain Kapoor | 6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1931 |  Dip Narain Kapoor [22] | Ahad Hussain | 3–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1932 | Dip Narain Kapoor [23] | Ahad Hussain | 6–0, 6–2, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1933 | Edward Vivian Bobb [24][25] | Sohan Lal | 5–7, 3–6, 6–3, 6–1, 10–8 | ||||||
| 1934 | Sohan Lal [26] | Edward Vivian Bobb | 6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–8, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1935 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Franjo Kukuljević [27] | Josip Palada | 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1936 |  Roderich Menzel [28] | Ladislav Hecht | 6–2, 7–5, 5–5 ret. | ||||||
| 1937 | Edward Vivian Bobb [29] | Dip Narain Kapoor | 6–4, 7–5, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1938 | Dip Narain Kapoor [30] | Islam Ahmad | 8–6, 6–4, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1939 | Ghaus M. Khan | Tenkasi K. Ramanathan | 6–1, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1940 | Franjo Punčec [31] | Yudishtra Singh | 11-9. 6–4, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1941 | Ghaus M. Khan | Iftikhar Ahmed Khan | 6–0, 6–3, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1942 | Subba L.R. Sawhney | Prem Lal Pandhi | 6–1, 6–1, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1943 | Ghaus M. Khan | Iftikhar Ahmed Khan | 6–2, 7–5, 4–6, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1944 | Ghaus M. Khan |  Hal Surface | 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1945 | Sumant Misra | B.R. Kapinipathy | 9–7, 9–7, 5–7, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1946 | Ghaus M. Khan | Dilip K. Bose | 7–5, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1947 |  Sumant Misra | Mohan lal | 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1948 |  Lennart Bergelin | Sumant Misra | 8–6, 6–1, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1949 | Dilip K. Bose | Sumant Misra | 3–6, 6–3, 6–3, 8–6 | ||||||
| 1950 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Felicisimo Ampon | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Pedro Masip | 5–7, 8–6, 8–6, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1951 | Sven Davidson | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Jaroslav Drobný | 6–3, 6–3, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1952 | Sven Davidson |  Iftikhar Ahmed Khan | 6–3, 6–4, 8–6 | ||||||
| 1953 | Sumant Misra | Naresh Kumar | 6–8, 2–6, 6–3, 9–7, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1954 | Jack Arkinstall [32] | Ramanathan Krishnan | 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1955 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Jack Arkinstall | 3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1956 | Sven Davidson |  Kurt Nielsen | 6–4, 6–1, 15–17, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1957 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Naresh Kumar | 6–4, 6–0, 8–6 | ||||||
| 1958 | Ulf Schmidt | Ramanathan Krishnan | 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 4–6, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1959 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Naresh Kumar | 6–2, 6–2, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1960 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Ulf Schmidt | 6–3, 6–3, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1961 | Premjit Lall |  Carlos Fernandes | 6–2, 3–6, 14–16, 6–2, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1962–63 | Not held | ||||||||
| 1964 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Alan Mills | 6–1, 6–3, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1965 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Martin Mulligan | w.o. | ||||||
| 1966 | Jaidip Mukerjea | Premjit Lall | 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1967 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Ion Țiriac | Jaidip Mukerjea | 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 5–7, 6–4 | ||||||
| Open era | |||||||||
| 1968 | Not held | ||||||||
| 1969 | Ilie Năstase | Premjit Lall | 6–4, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1970 | Premjit Lall |  Alex Metreveli | 9–7, 6–0, 5–7, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1971–72 | Not held | ||||||||
| 1973 | Vijay Amritraj [33] | Mal Anderson | 6–4, 5–7, 8–9, 6–3, 11–9 | ||||||
| 1974 |  Onny Parun [34] | Tony Roche | 6–3, 6–3, 7–6 | ||||||
| 1975 | Vijay Amritraj [35] | Manuel Orantes | 7–5, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1976 | Kim Warwick [36] | Sashi Menon | 6–1, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1977 | Vijay Amritraj [37] | Terry Moor | 7–6, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1978 |  Yannick Noah [38] | Pascal Portes | 6–3, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1979 | Vijay Amritraj [39] |  Peter Elter | 6–1, 7–5 | ||||||
Men's doubles
| Year | Champions | Runners-up | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | Jim McManus Raúl Ramírez | Anand Amritraj Vijay Amritraj | 6–2, 6–4 |
| 1974 | Anand Amritraj Vijay Amritraj | Dick Crealy Onny Parun | 6–4, 7–6 |
| 1975 | Juan Gisbert Manuel Orantes | Anand Amritraj Vijay Amritraj | 1–6, 6–4, 6–3 |
| 1976 | Bob Carmichael Ray Ruffels | Chiradip Mukerjea Bhanu Nunna | 6–2, 7–6 |
| 1977 | Mike Cahill Terry Moor | Marcello Lara Jasjit Singh | 6–7, 6–4, 6–4 |
| 1978 | Sashi Menon Sherwood Stewart | Gilles Moretton Yannick Noah | 7–6, 6–4 |
| 1979 | Chris Delaney James Delaney | Thomas Fürst Wolfgang Popp | 7–6, 6–2 |
Ladies singles
| Year | Champion | Runner up | Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | Mrs Kendall | Mrs Hutchinson | 6–3, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1911 | Miss Warburton | Miss Latham | (score?) | ||||||
| 1912 | Mrs Adams | Mrs Leslie-Jones | 6–0, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1913 | Miss Warburton | Mrs Leslie-Jones | 6–4, 6–3 (Lahore, March) | ||||||
| 1914 | Mrs Leslie-Jones | Mrs Fremantle | 6–2, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1915–18 | No event WW1 | ||||||||
| 1919 | Mrs Dickens | Mrs Simpson | 6–1, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1920 | Mrs Kellie [40] | ? | 6–3, 9-11, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1921 | Mrs Kemble | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1922 | Phyllis Howkins Covell | Dorothy Shepherd-Barron | 6–3, 7–5 * | ||||||
| 1923 | Winifred MacClellan Keays | Mrs O'Neill | 6–2, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1924 | Yolande Mackinnon | Mrs T. Horn | 6–3, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1925 | Lena McKenna | Phyllis Cox Berthoud | 6–2, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1926 | Lena McKenna | Miss Holden | 6–3, 1–6, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1927 | Jenny Sandison | Lena McKenna | 8–6, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1928 | Abandoned | ||||||||
| 1929 | Jenny Sandison [41] | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1930 | Jenny Sandison | Lena McKenna | 6–3, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1931 | Leela Row | Lena McKenna | 6–1, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1932 | Jenny Sandison | Leela Row | 7–5, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1933 | Jenny Sandison | Leela Row | 3–6, 6–2, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1934 | Jenny Sandison | Hyacinth Harvey-Johnston | 6–2, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1935 | Jenny Sandison | Margaret Parrott | 6–2, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1936 | Leela Row | Rosie Gibson | 6–1, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1937 | Leela Row | Joan Fry Lakeman | 2–6, 9–7, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1938 | Leela Row | Meher Dubash | 6–1, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1939 | Gaby Curtis | Laura Woodbridge | 6–2, 6–8, 9–7 | ||||||
| 1940 | Leela Row | Laura Woodbridge | 6–3, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1941 | Leela Row | Meher Dubash | 6–4, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1942 | Mrs Massey | Leela Row | 2–6, 7–5, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1943 | Leela Row | Meher Dubash | |||||||
| 1944 | Laura Woodbridge | Miss Maguire | 6–1, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1945 | Laura Woodbridge | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Doreen Sansoni | 3–6, 6–2, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1946 | Doreen Sansoni | Sarah Mody | 6–1, 10–12, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1947 | Khanum Haji Singh [42] | Laura Woodbridge | w.o. | ||||||
| 1948 | Khanum Haji Singh | Promilla Khanna | 6–4, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1949 | Khanum Haji Singh | Promilla Khanna | 3–6, 9–7, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1950 | Pat Canning Todd | Gussie Moran | 6–2, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1951 | Dorothy Head | Joy Gannon Mottram | 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1952 | Urmila Thapar | Laura Woodbridge | 6–0, 4–6, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1953 | Joy Gannon Mottram | Rita Davar | 6–2, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1954 | Rita Davar | Urmila Thapar | 0–6, 6–2, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1955 | Rita Davar | Urmila Thapar | 6–4, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1956 | Althea Gibson[43] |  Saichiko Kamo | 6–2, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1957 | Khanum Haji Singh | Promilla Khanna Singh | 7–5, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1958 | Promilla Khanna Singh | Leela Panjabi | 6–2, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1959 | Dechu Appaiah | Khanum Haji Singh | 2–6, 7–5, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1960 | Margaret Hellyer | Mimi Arnold | 4–6, 7–5, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1961 | Margaret Hellyer | Dechu Appaiah | 6–4, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1962 | Lesley Turner | Madonna Schacht | 6–1, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1963 | Rattan Thadani | Cherri Chettyanna | 6–2, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1964 | Jill Rook Mills | Lakshmi Mahadevan | 6–3, 4–6, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1965 | Marion Law | Nirupama Vasant | 6–4, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1966 |  Tiiu Soome | Marion Law | 6–2, 3–6, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1967 | Alla Ivanova | Rena Abjandadze | 8–6, 6–3 | ||||||
| Open era | |||||||||
| 1968 | Alla Ivanova | ? | ? | ||||||
| 1969 | Judith Dibar | Alice Luthy Tym | 6–2, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1970 | Alla Ivanova | Nina Turkheli | 6–2, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1971 | Nirupama Mankad | Kiran Peshawaria | 4–6, 6–1, 6–1 | ||||||
| 1972 | Marilyn Tesch | Nirupama Mankad | 6–4, 6–2 | ||||||
| 1973 | Udaya Kumar | Kiran Peshawaria Bedi | 6–2, 7–5 | ||||||
| 1974 | Susan Das [44] | Nirupama Vasant Mankad | (score?) | ||||||
| 1975 | Nirupama Mankad | Susan Das | 7–5, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1976 | Nirupama Mankad | Susan Das | 6–4, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1977 | Nirupama Mankad | Susan Das | 6–4, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1978 | Nirupama Mankad | Amreeta Ahluwalia | 3–6, 6–1, 8–6 | ||||||
| 1979 | Amreeta Ahluwalia | Anu Peshawaria | 6–4, 6–0 | ||||||
| 1980 | Amreeta Ahluwalia | Anu Peshawaria | 6–0, 6–3 | ||||||
| 1981 | Amreeta Ahluwalia | Anu Peshawaria | 6–1, 6–4 | ||||||
| 1982 | Anu Peshawaria | Namratha Appa Rao | 6–4, 6–3 | ||||||
Records
Included:[45]
Men's singles
- Most titles: Ramanathan Krishnan (6 titles)
- Most finals: Ramanathan Krishnan (8 finals)
- Most consecutive titles: Edward Vivian Bobb (3 titles) (1927–27, 1930)
- Most consecutive finals: Ramanathan Krishnan, (4 finals) (1957–60)
- Most matches played: Vijay Amritraj (26)
- Most matches won: Vijay Amritraj (24)
- Most consecutive matches won: Edward Vivian Bobb (13)
- Most editions played: Premjit Lall (11)
- Best match winning %: Edward Vivian Bobb, 92.8%, (pre-open era)
- Best match winning %: Vijay Amritraj, 92.3%, (open era)
- Oldest champion: Jack Arkinstall, 34y 7m & 26d (1955)
- Youngest champion: Ramanathan Krishnan, 16y 8m & 17d (1954)
- Longest final: Vijay Amritraj v Mal Anderson result: 6-4, 5-7, 8-9, 6-3, 11-9, (68 games), in (1973)
- Shortest final: Kim Warwick v Sashi Menon result: 6–1, 6–2, (15 games), in (1976)
References
- Majumdar, Boria; Mangan, J. A. (2013). Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present. Routledge. pp. 117–118. ISBN 9781317998945.
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- "All India Championships/Indian Open. Tournament Roll of Honour, Locations". thetennisbase.com. The Tennis Base. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- "LAWN TENNIS". Daily Telegraph. Launceston, Tasmania. 21 February 1921. p. 7. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- "Indian Tennis". Sunday Times. Perth. 30 December 1951. p. 20. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- "Arkinstall Wins Indian Tennis". Advertiser. Adelaide. 4 February 1954. p. 16. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- "INDIAN OPEN Tournament Roll of honour". thetennisbase.com. Tennis Base. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1910". Times of India 1910. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1911". Times of India 1911. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1912". Times of India 1912. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1913". Times of India 1913. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1914". Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1916". Times of India 1916. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1921". Times of India 1920. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1922". Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1923". Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1924". Ayre's Lawn Tennis Almanack and Tournament Guide 1924. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1925". Ayre's Lawn Tennis Almanack and Tournament Guide and Times of India 1925. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1926". Ayre's Lawn Tennis Almanack and Tournament Guide 1927. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1927". Ayre's Lawn Tennis Almanack and Tournament Guide 1928. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1930". Times of India 1930. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1931". Ayre's Lawn Tennis Almanack and Tournament Guide 1932. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1932". American Lawn Tennis 1932. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1933". Times of India 1933. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- "LAWN TENNIS". The West Australian. Perth. 23 January 1934. p. 10. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1934". Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1935". Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- "LAWN TENNIS ABROAD". Sydney Morning Herald. 1 April 1936. p. 17. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1937". Lawn tennis and badminton 1937. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- Archives, Tennis. "All India Championships 1938". American Lawn Tennis 1938. Retrieved 16 October 2017 – via www.tennisarchives.com.
- "TENNIS". Cairns Post. Qld. 19 February 1940. p. 4. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- "Arkinstall Wins Indian Tennis". Advertiser. Adelaide. 4 February 1954. p. 16.
- "New Delhi Results 1973". ATP World Tour. ATP. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Bombay Results 1974". ATP World Tour. ATP. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Calcutta Results 1975". ATP World Tour. ATP. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Bangalore Results 1976". ATP World Tour. ATP. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Bombay Results 1977". ATP World Tour. ATP. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Calcutta Results 1978". ATP World Tour. ATP. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Bombay Results 1979". ATP World Tour. ATP. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Indian Championships". Cairns Post. Qld. 16 February 1920. p. 8. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "A MAID IN MAYFAIR". Advertiser. Adelaide. 14 November 1929. p. 15. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- Boria Majumdar, J. A. Mangan (2005), Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-35953-8,
... The first woman Champion was Khanum Singh (nee Haji) ...
- Williams, Frances Clayton Gray, Yanick Rice Lamb ; foreword by Bill Cosby ; afterword by Venus (2004). Born to win : the authorized biography of Althea Gibson. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. p. 219. ISBN 9780471471653.
- Trade, TI (10 January 2017). "The Assam Tribune Online". Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- "Tournament Records:All India Championships/Indian Open". The Tennis Base. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Sources
- Majumdar, Boria; Mangan, J. A. (2013). Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present. Routledge. ISBN 9781317998945.
- http://www.tennisarchives.com/All India Championships 1910–1956
- https://app.thetennisbase.com/All India Championships draws 1910–1979
External links
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