Iris gatesii

It has a small,[2] compact and stout rhizome,[3][4][5] which is about 2 cm in diameter.[4] They are very similar in form to Iris susiana.[5] They form creeping plants,[6] that can spread up to 1 or 2 feet wide.[7]

It has 5 to 7, greyish green,[2][3][4] or glaucous-green leaves, which are linear,[6] narrow and straight.[3][8] They are in a distichous (two-ranked leaf arrangement) fan.[9] The leaves can grow up to between 30–60 cm (12–24 in) long,[6][10] and between 0.5 and 1.1 cm wide.[3][4][8] They are semi-evergreen,[7] and fade in summer, to re-grow in winter.[2] They are a darker shade of green and smaller, shorter and narrower, than I. susiana.[5]

It has a stout stem or peduncle,[6][8][11] that can grow in March,[2] up to between 35–60 cm (14–24 in) tall.[12][13]^:129[14] The stem is also taller than the stem of I. susiana.[5]

The stem has pale green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud), that are between 10–12.5 cm (4–5 in) long.[5][6]

The stems hold a single terminal (top of stem) flower,[2][6][9] blooming in late spring,[7] between April and June.[4][15][16]^:191

The large flowers are between 13–20 cm (5–8 in) in diameter,[4][11][14] they are the largest of the Oncocyclus series,[10] (including I. susiana,[5][17]) and of all irises,[8][15][18] except the Japanese hybrids.[17]

The flowers are very variable in colouring,[8][14][19] ranging from a pale greenish,[13]^:76[15][20] grey,[11][12][19] silver,[17] white,[5][7][10] pinkish,[6] beige,[2] or creamy-yellow background colour.[4][8][9] Which is then covered with many brown,[11] purplish-brown,[19][21] purple,[2][9][15] violet,[17] or nearly black,[4] spots, dots,[6][9] short broken lines,[8] or veining.[2][7][11]

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[16]^:17 The obovate (narrower end at the base) or elliptic shaped falls, can curl gently under,[12][16]^:191 and they are 8–11 cm (3–4 in) long,[5] and 5–8 cm (2–3 in) wide.[4][6] They can be more veined, speckled than the standards,[4][16]^:191 or the falls having spots while the standards having vein markings.[5] The massed purple dots or lines on a creamy white background creates a soft grey flower, when seen from a distance.[18] The ovate or rounded shaped standards,[5][15] are 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long,[5][20] and 7–9 cm (3–4 in) wide, and slightly paler than the falls.[4]

In the centre of the falls, is a dark,[16]^:191 purple signal patch,[13]^:129 which is variable in size, (between large and very small,[8][15][21] ) and can be hidden under the beard.[5][14] Also in the middle of the falls, is a sparse,[8][16]^:191[21] or broad, (2-2.5 cm wide,[4][17]) and long (halfway down the falls,[9][17]) row of short hairs called the 'beard', which are purple,[5][9] brownish purple,[6][11][17] or yellow.[4][8][11]

It has style arms that are a similar colour to the standards,[4][16]^:191 (including yellow or white spotted with purple,[5][14]) and 5 cm (2 in) wide,[6] with purple dots,[5][14] or veining.[6]

It has a 12.5–17.5 cm (5–7 in) long pedicel, with a short perianth tube,[6] it has white filaments and anthers that are often tipped purple.[14]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, that is 7.5 cm (3 in) long and 2.5 cm wide.[4][6]

Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1902

In America, it was once known as 'Monarch Iris',[14][20] and as the 'Prince of Irises'.[5][21]

The Latin specific epithet gatesii refers to Rev. Gates,[24] an American Missionary staying in Mardin, Northern Mesopotamia,[15] (now part of Turkey). Some sources name him as 'Rev. T. J. Gates',[15] others as 'Rev T.G. Gates',[5][21] or 'Rev. F.S. Gates'.[6][24]

Although, Caleb Frank Gates, (1857–1946),[25] was a more known missionary at the time. Born in Chicago,[26] Illinois and graduated from Chicago Theological School in 1881. He then travelled to Mardin, before returning in 1883, and marrying Mary Ellen Moore (from Chicago). They then returned to Mardin from 1885 to 1894. He was later president of Euphrates College, in Harput. In 1903, he moved to Istanbul and became president of Robert College.[27] He stayed at the college during the first World War and then in 1918 returned to the US. Before returning to Robert College between 1921–1922. He retired in 1923 and died on 9 April 1946 in Denver, Colorado.[28][29] His son is Caleb Frank Gates, an American historian who served as Chancellor of the University of Denver.

'I. gatesii' was found near Mardin,[9] in the mountains of Kurdistan,[8] by the botanist, collector and bulb nurseryman Paul Sintenis,[8] who worked for Mr. Max Leichtlin (from Baden-Baden, Germany),[6][8] with the help of Rev. Gates.[5]

It was then first published by Michael Foster in the 'Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society' (J. Roy. Hort. Soc.) Volume 11 on page 144 in 1889,[24] then in fully described in Gardeners' Chronicle series 3, Volume 8, page18 on 5 July 1890,[5][30] with an illustration.[8]

It was later published in The Garden Feb 18 1893, page 130 (with illustration on plate 897),[5] in the Botanical Magazine 7867 in 1902 (with illustration) and in the 'Bulletin of the Alpine Garden Society' 39 page 287 in 1971.[3]

It gained an FCC ('First Class Certificate', awarded by the RHS,[31]) in 1891 when shown by Van Tubergen (bulb nursery).[8] It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 1 December 2004.[30] It is listed in the Catalogue of Life,[32] and is a tentatively accepted name by the RHS.[33]

It is native to temperate Asia,[30] mainly in Asia Minor.[20]

It is range and habitat is a small region,[9] and the plant was listed by the IUCN as 'rare'.[8][36] As of September 2016, it was currently un-assessed, and the effects of the Gulf War are unknown and undetermined.[37]

Due to its range being much farther north than most Oncocyclus irises,[4] it is more hardy in cultivation,[8] than others.[17] It is hardy to between USDA Zone 8 to 9.[7]

It prefers to grow in well-drained soils,[7][20] including light rich loam diluted with 1/3 old mortar rubble,[38] or rich compost.[39] It also likes a deep limestone gravel mulch.[7][39]

It prefers sites in full sun,[7][20] and can be grown in raised bed,[38] or an open border.[6] It likes moisture at the root tips, but the rhizomes are liable to rot in excessive water.[39]

It is recommended (by Dykes) to be planted in October,[15] with the rhizomes planted about 2 inches from the surface.[7]

It is susceptible to virus infections when in cultivation,[4] including from Iris mosaic virus.[40] Which produces some necrotic lesions in the leaves and then followed by systemic leaf chlorosis. This strain of virus also attacks Belamcanda chinensis, Iris pumila and Iris ricardi.[41]

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also, handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[57]

• Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965–1988 (F Turk)
• Mathew, B. The Iris. 1981 (Iris) 49–50.
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest Flora of Iraq. 1966– (F Iraq)

• Has an image of the iris

Media related to Iris gatesii at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Iris gatesii at Wikispecies