James McNeil Stephenson

Born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, Stephenson moved across the Ohio River when he was young. When his father died, he apprenticed with a tanner and began reading law. He married Agnes Boreman (1814-1893), the sister of his law partner as well as future governor Arthur I. Boreman (who would become one of the founders of West Virginia during the American Civil War). Their sons included Kenner B. Stephenson (1833-1876), James M. Stephenson Jr. (1840-1915, a druggist, who had been nominated for the U.S. Military at West Point by John Carlile in 1855 and who duly enlisted for the draft in Parkersburg in 1863 but died before his father) and Andrew Stephenson (1846-1890?). Stevenson also had daughters Sarah (1836-), Lucy (1856-) and Isabella (1842-1918).[2][3] His slightly younger brother, lawyer Edward Stephenson also lived with the family in Parkersburg in 1850.[4] In 1850, J.M. Stephenson owned 7 slaves in Wood County: a 60-year-old black man, black women aged 21, 28 and 36, a four-year-old boy and one- and two-year-old girls.[5]

In addition to his legal practice, Stephenson became politically active, particularly in promoting internal improvements, including the Staunton-Parkersburg Road, the Northwestern Turnpike, the James River and Kanawha Canal, the North Western Virginia Railroad and the Little Kanawha Navigation Company. Stephenson was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates many times beginning in 1839, although he also lost several races. He first represented Tyler County in 1839 and was re-elected the following year, then was again elected in 1843 and re-elected in 1844, but not in 1845 when Doddridge County was added to the district. In 1839, Stephenson helped found the Northwestern Bank of Virginia (which became Parkersburg Bank and is now part of United Bank) in Parkersburg (the seat of Wood County),[6] where he soon moved. Thus he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates for the final times from the district comprising Wood, Ritchie and Doddridge Counties.[7]

Following Lincoln's election (despite having received only 4% of the vote in northwestern Virginia), on January 1, 1861 Stephenson addressed a large meeting in Parkersburg, as did General John Jay Jackson and Arthur Boreman, and that meeting adopted a resolution both pro-Union and pro-Virginia.[8][9]

By 1860, Stevenson owned about 10,000 acres in Wood County, including about 1000 acres surrounding Oakland, the Greek Revival style mansion he built in 1840 and farmed using about 20 slaves.[10] Union troops encamped on the grounds with Stephenson's permission during the American Civil War (after General John Jay Jackson told them to move off his property on Quincy Hill), although later Union cavalry damaged both this mansion and garden.[11] Stephenson's eldest son, Kenner, enlisted as a private with the 36th Virginia Infantry on April 15, 1862,[12] and this Stephenson also put up the $4000 cash bond for the wife of Confederate Captain Marcellus Clark, who was accused of being a horse thief (and who before the war had helped manage the California House in at Claysville).[13]

Stevenson died in Parkersburg in 1877, survived by his widow, farmer sons Kenner and Andrew, and daughter Isabel.[14] His mansion, Oakland, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 (although the surrounding estate shrunk significantly after Stevenson's death) and was donated to West Virginia University's alumni association in 2005.