Jann (legendary creature)

Jann (Arabic: جان‎, romanized: Jānn, plural Arabic: جِنَّان‎, romanized: Jinnān or Arabic: جَوَان‎, romanized: Jawān) is the ancestor of the jinn in Islam-related beliefs. They are said to have inhabited the earth before Adam, ruled by a king called Jann ibn Jann. In folklore however, many consider them to be punished and turned into the weakest class of jinn, comparable how apes are seen as transformed humans.[1] The father of the jinn is also called Abu Al-Jann.

Etymology and in the Quran

Jann from the Semitic root JNN is an Arabic term, whose primary meaning is "to hide" and can also refer to an agile snake.[2] It is a neuter singular for jinn, while Jinni and Jinniyya(h) are either adjectives, or masculine and feminine singulars or both. In the Quran this term appears in Surah 15:27 and Surah 27:10 to designate a supernatural creature or a serpent.[3] Many mufassirs regard jann as the ancestors of the jinn,[4] in contrast the jinn applying to a wide range of supernatural creatures, and came later into existence. Some consider jann to be the first of the jinn only, and likewise identify him with Iblis or Azazil, created from the fires of samum.[1][5] However, the majority distinguishes between Iblis, the father of devils and Jann the father of jinn.[6]

Canonical hadiths

Sahih Muslim describes Al-Jann as being created out of a mixture of fire, contrasted with the angels created from light and humans created from clay-mud.[7] Another hadith, mentioned in the collection of Al-Tirmidhi, reports that Muhammad sought refuge in God from Al-Jann, the father of jinn, until Surah Al-Nas and Surah Al-Falaq have been revealed.[8]

Pre-Adamite Era

In Persian Islamic legends, the world was ruled by Jann ibn Jann (Son of Jann), two thousand years before Adam was created. Jann ibn Jann offended the heavens, whereupon God sent Al-Harith (Iblis) with an army of angels to chastise him.[9] But Jann ibn Jann refused to submit to the angels and a war ensued. At the end, Jann ibn Jann was overthrown by Al-Harith and the angels, who reigned the world onwards instead.[10] Many Arabs regard the Pyramides of Giza as remains of the works done under the rule of Jann ibn Jann.[11]

In Ibn Arabi's cosmology

The Medieval Sunni mystic Ibn Arabi, famous for his teachings of Unity of Existence, describes Jann, the father of jinn, as the origin of animal power. Accordingly, God created Jann as the interior of human being, the animal soul hidden from the senses. Among the strongest powers of the animal power is the power of illusion, which is materialized in Satan, interpreted metaphorically as one of the descendants of Jann in Ibn Arabis' metaphysics.[12]

References

Patrick Hughes, Thomas Patrick Hughes Dictionary of Islam Asian Educational Services 1995 ISBN 978-8-120-60672-2 page 134
Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 7) MSA Publication Limited 2009 ISBN 978-1-861-79661-5 page 111
Al-Saïd Muhammad Badawi, M. A. Abdel Haleem Arabic - English Dictionary of Qurʾanic Usage BRILL 2008 ISBN 978-9-004-14948-9 page 176
Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009 ISBN 9780815650706 page 40
The Society Studia Orientalia, Band 85 1999 University of Michigan digitized 2008 page 130
https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/can--cin (turkish)
Burge, Stephen (2015). Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik. Routledge. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0.
Josef von Hammer-Purgstall Die Geisterlehre der Moslimen Staatsdruckerei, 1852 digit. 22. Juli 2010 p. 31 (German)
W. Clarke, 1802 The Monthly Epitome, Band 1 W. Clarke, 1802 W. p. 263
William Harrison Ainsworth The Fairy Mythology Österreichische Nationalbibliothek 1828 p. 27
Edward Westermarck Ritual and Belief in Morocco: Vol. I (Routledge Revivals) Routledge, 23 Apr 2014 p. 369
Amira El Zein: The Evolution of the Concept of Jinn from Pre-Islam to Islam'. p. 247

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[PH-1] Patrick Hughes, Thomas Patrick Hughes Dictionary of Islam Asian Educational Services 1995 ISBN 978-8-120-60672-2 page 134

[2] Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 7) MSA Publication Limited 2009 ISBN 978-1-861-79661-5 page 111

[3] Al-Saïd Muhammad Badawi, M. A. Abdel Haleem Arabic - English Dictionary of Qurʾanic Usage BRILL 2008 ISBN 978-9-004-14948-9 page 176

[4] Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009 ISBN 9780815650706 page 40

[5] The Society Studia Orientalia, Band 85 1999 University of Michigan digitized 2008 page 130

[6] ttps://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/can--cin (turkish)

[7] Burge, Stephen (2015). Angels in Islam: Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik fi akhbar al-mala'ik. Routledge. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-136-50473-0.

[8] Josef von Hammer-Purgstall Die Geisterlehre der Moslimen Staatsdruckerei, 1852 digit. 22. Juli 2010 p. 31 (German)

[9] W. Clarke, 1802 The Monthly Epitome, Band 1 W. Clarke, 1802 W. p. 263

[10] William Harrison Ainsworth The Fairy Mythology Österreichische Nationalbibliothek 1828 p. 27

[11] Edward Westermarck Ritual and Belief in Morocco: Vol. I (Routledge Revivals) Routledge, 23 Apr 2014 p. 369

[12] Amira El Zein: The Evolution of the Concept of Jinn from Pre-Islam to Islam'. p. 247