João de Almeida de Melo e Castro, 5th Count of Galveias

The Count of Galveias
His Excellency; The Count of Galveias; GCTE ComC GCA
Secretary of State ; of Foreign Affairs and War
	In office; 23 July 1801 – 23 August 1803
Preceded by	Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho (as Secretary of Foreign Affairs); The Duke of Lafões (as Secretary of War)
Succeeded by	The Viscount of Anadia
Personal details
Born	João de Almeida de Melo e Castro; 23 January 1756; Lisbon, Portugal
Died	18 January 1814 (aged 57); Rio de Janeiro, Colonial Brazil

D. João de Almeida de Melo e Castro, 5th Count of Galveias (23 January 1756 – 18 January 1814) was a Portuguese nobleman, diplomat, and politician. He held a number of important diplomatic posts, before becoming an influential politician.

Diplomatic career

He joined the diplomatic service, filling the posts of Minister of Portugal in The Hague (1782–1788), Rome (1788–1790), and London (1792–1801). When in the Court of St James's, in the troubled times of the French Revolution and later the Napoleonic Consulate, Melo e Castro had the thorny mission of keeping neutral as Portugal wavered between France and the United Kingdom.[1]

Political career

In 1801, Melo e Castro was named Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs and War by John, Prince Regent,[2] with the demanding task of reorganising the Portuguese Army, badly ravaged following the War of the Oranges, due to the imminent threat of the European conflict. When Portugal and France re-established diplomatic relations following the signing of the Treaty of Amiens and the brief interval of peace in Europe, Jean Lannes was sent as the French ambassador to Portugal: he soon clashed with Melo e Castro (who he described as "a man of the English"[1]) and demanded his dismissal (a demand that was soon after endorsed by Napoleon[3]). Melo e Castro was stripped of his office in August 1803.

After the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro, Melo e Castro was briefly Acting Secretary of State of the Navy and the Overseas. From 1812 to 1814, he tried to limit the growing British influence over Portugal as Secretary of State of Foreign Affairs and War.[1]

Titles

For his services to the Crown, he was granted the title of Viscount of Lourinhã in 1797 (a title that had originally belonged to a childless uncle, Manuel Bernardo de Melo e Castro) and, later, on 17 December 1808, he succeeded his great-grandfather, André de Melo e Castro as Count of Galveias.[1] João de Almeida de Melo e Castro married Isabel José de Meneses, 5th daughter of the Counts of Cavaleiros, and they had no issue; he was succeeded in the House of Galveias following his death by his younger brother Francisco de Almeida de Melo e Castro.[4]

References

Schedel, Madalena Serrão Franco (2010). Guerra na Europa e Interesses de Portugal; as Colónias e o Comércio Ultramarino: a Acção Política e Diplomática de D. João de Melo e Castro, V Conde das Galveias (1792-1814) [War in Europe and Portuguese Interests; the Colonies and Overseas Trade: the Political and Diplomatic Action of D. João de Melo e Castro, 5th Count of Galveias] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa. hdl:10451/3396. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
"Casa Galveias". Torre do Tombo National Archive (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 September 2020.
Disney, A. R. (2009). A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107717640.
Pinto, Albano Anthero da Silveira; Sanches de Baena, Viscount of (1883). Resenha das Familias Titulares e Grandes de Portugal [A Review of the Titled Families and Grandees of Portugal] (in Portuguese). II. Lisbon: Empreza Editora de Francisco Arthur da Silva. p. 9.

Portuguese nobility
Preceded by André de Melo e Castro	Count of Galveias 1808–1814	Succeeded by Francisco de Almeida de Melo e Castro

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[Schedel2010-1] Schedel, Madalena Serrão Franco (2010). Guerra na Europa e Interesses de Portugal; as Colónias e o Comércio Ultramarino: a Acção Política e Diplomática de D. João de Melo e Castro, V Conde das Galveias (1792-1814) [War in Europe and Portuguese Interests; the Colonies and Overseas Trade: the Political and Diplomatic Action of D. João de Melo e Castro, 5th Count of Galveias] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa. hdl:10451/3396. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

[ANTT-2] "Casa Galveias". Torre do Tombo National Archive (in Portuguese). Retrieved 1 September 2020.

[3] Disney, A. R. (2009). A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107717640.

[Resenha-4] Pinto, Albano Anthero da Silveira; Sanches de Baena, Viscount of (1883). Resenha das Familias Titulares e Grandes de Portugal [A Review of the Titled Families and Grandees of Portugal] (in Portuguese). II. Lisbon: Empreza Editora de Francisco Arthur da Silva. p. 9.