John W. Johnston (mayor)

John W. Johnston
John W. Johnston
3rd Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri
	In office; November 11, 1833 – April 14, 1835
Preceded by	Daniel Page
Succeeded by	John Fletcher Darby
Personal details
Born	1774; Maryland
Died	June 1, 1854; St. Louis, Missouri
Resting place	Calvary Cemetery, St. Louis, Missouri
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Tapissee Keokuk; (ended 1823); Lucia J. Hunnewell (m. 1831⁠–⁠1854);
Children	3 daughters (with Tapissee)

John W. Johnston (1774 – June 1, 1854) was an American pioneer, politician, and fur trader. He was the 3rd Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri, serving from 1833 to 1835.

Biography

Born in Maryland, Johnston came west in 1808, venturing into the vast Louisiana Territory recently acquired from Spain. He was commissioned by the federal government as an indian agent to trade with the Sauk and Fox (Meskwaki) people. He situated at a spot near the junction of the Des Moines and Mississippi rivers, at the site of what is now known as Keokuk, Iowa.

During this time he traveled extensively along the Mississippi as an indian agent and spent a great deal of time at Prairie du Chien, where he became involved with Tapissee, the daughter of the Sauk Chief Keokuk. At the end of the War of 1812, he supervised distribution of $30,000 in gifts from the United States to 19 Native American tribes, who signed the peace agreements at Portage Des Sioux, Missouri. At the organization of Crawford County within the Michigan Territory, in 1819, Johnston was designated chief justice of Crawford County—at Prairie du Chien.[1]

In 1823, he moved south to St. Louis, in the new state of Missouri. Following a mayoral election in April 1833, the apparent winner, Dr. Samuel Merry, was ruled ineligible due to his concurrent holding of a U.S. federal office. A special election was held in November 1833, in which John Johnston was elected Mayor.[2][3][4]

As mayor, he worked with the city's Board of Aldermen to update the election rules and procedures as a response to the controversy with Dr. Merry's election. He also won approval from the state legislature to amend the city charter to allow for redistricting the city wards to account for population growth. One of his final acts, in March 1835, was an ordinance on regulation of revenues and taxation in the city, establishing duties for the city assessor, collector, and register.[3]

Personal life

While working as indian agent at Prairie du Chien, Johnston married Tapissee, the daughter of the Sauk Chief Keokuk. They had at least three daughters together—Rosella, Mary, and Eliza. When Johnston left Prairie du Chien for St. Louis, he left Tapissee behind but brought their daughters with him.[5]

In 1831, Johnston married Lucia (Lucy) J. Hunnewell, the widow of Captain George Gooding.[3] Hunnewell assisted in raising Johnston's daughters and securing them status in St. Louis society.[3][5]

Inheritance issue

Johnston had no children with Hunnewell and stipulated that much of his property should go to his half-Sauk daughters, including—after Hunnewell's death—their home.[5] After his death in 1854, Hunnewell sued for a greater share of the inheritance, asserting that Johnston's half-Sauk daughters were not legitimate due to the undocumented nature of Johnston's relationship with Tapissee. A court initially ruled in the widow's favor, but the Supreme Court of Missouri, in the case of Johnson v. Johnson's Administrator, eventually ruled in favor of the daughters, stating that Johnston's lifelong care and devotion to the daughters was the most telling evidence of their legitimacy.[5] Hunnewell, however, died before the case was settled.[5]

References

Lockwood, James Henry (1903). Draper, Lyman Copeland (ed.). "Early Times and Events in Wisconsin". Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Vol. II. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society.
Daily National Intelligencer. December 2, 1833. Missing or empty |title= (help)
"St. Louis Mayors: John W. Johnston". St. Louis Public Library. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2020 – via Wayback Machine.
"Johnston, John W." Mound City on the Mississippi. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
Winn, Kenneth H., ed. (2016). Missouri Law and the American Conscience. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8262-2069-1. Retrieved December 30, 2020.

External links

Johnson v. Johnson's Administrator, 30 Mo. 72 (1860) at Caselaw Access Project

Political offices
Preceded by Daniel Page	Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri November 11, 1833 – April 14, 1835	Succeeded by John Fletcher Darby

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[1] Lockwood, James Henry (1903). Draper, Lyman Copeland (ed.). "Early Times and Events in Wisconsin". Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Vol. II. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society.

[2] Daily National Intelligencer. December 2, 1833. Missing or empty |title= (help)

[mayor-3] "St. Louis Mayors: John W. Johnston". St. Louis Public Library. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2020 – via Wayback Machine.

[4] "Johnston, John W." Mound City on the Mississippi. Retrieved December 30, 2020.

[conscience-5] Winn, Kenneth H., ed. (2016). Missouri Law and the American Conscience. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-8262-2069-1. Retrieved December 30, 2020.