David R. Francis

David Rowland Francis (October 1, 1850  January 15, 1927) was an American politician and diplomat. He served in various positions including Mayor of St. Louis, the 27th Governor of Missouri, and United States Secretary of the Interior. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Russia between 1916 and 1917, during the Russian Revolution of 1917. He was a Wilsonian Democrat.[1]

David Francis
United States Ambassador to Russia
In office
May 5, 1916  November 7, 1917
PresidentWoodrow Wilson
Preceded byGeorge Marye
Succeeded byWilliam Christian Bullitt Jr. (Soviet Union)
President of the Organising Committee for the Olympic Games
In office
October 28, 1900  September 3, 1904
PresidentPierre de Coubertin
Preceded byPierre de Coubertin
Succeeded byEdward Battell
20th United States Secretary of the Interior
In office
September 3, 1896  March 5, 1897
PresidentGrover Cleveland
William McKinley
Preceded byHoke Smith
Succeeded byCornelius Bliss
27th Governor of Missouri
In office
January 14, 1889  January 9, 1893
LieutenantStephen Claycomb
Preceded byAlbert P. Morehouse
Succeeded byWilliam J. Stone
26th Mayor of St. Louis
In office
April 14, 1885  January 2, 1889
Preceded byWilliam L. Ewing
Succeeded byEdward A. Noonan
Personal details
Born
David Rowland Francis

(1850-10-01)October 1, 1850
Richmond, Kentucky, U.S.
DiedJanuary 15, 1927(1927-01-15) (aged 76)
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Resting placeBellefontaine Cemetery
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)
Jane Perry
(m. 1876; died 1924)
Children6
EducationWashington University (BA)
Signature

Early life

Francis was born on October 1, 1850 in Richmond, Kentucky, the son of Eliza Caldwell (née Rowland) (1830–1898) and John Broaddus Francis (1818–1894).[1] He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis in 1870 where he was number one on the rolls of the Alpha Iota chapter of Beta Theta Pi fraternity.[1]

Career

After graduating from University, he became a successful businessman in St. Louis and served as the president of a grain merchant's exchange.[1] The St. Louis Mining and Stock Exchange was formed in St. Louis in the fall of 1880 with Francis as a founding member.[2]

In 1885, he was elected Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri as a Democrat. In 1888, he was elected Governor of Missouri becoming the only Mayor of St. Louis elected Governor of the state.

In 1896, Francis was appointed United States Secretary of the Interior by President Grover Cleveland and served until 1897.

World's Fair 1904

Francis was one of the main promoters of the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904, serving as President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Historians generally emphasize the prominence of themes of race and empire, and the Fair's long-lasting impact on intellectuals in the fields of history, art history, architecture and anthropology. From the point of view of the memory of the average person who attended the fair, it primarily promoted entertainment, consumer goods and popular culture.[3]

The 1904 Summer Olympics were held in combination with that Exposition, and by overseeing the opening ceremony, Francis became the only American to open an Olympic Games who never served as President or Vice-President of the United States.

Later career

In 1905, after being elected President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, he was sent to Europe by the World's Fair directors to thank kings, emperors and other rulers for their part in making the exposition a success. He was decorated by the emperors of Germany and Austria[4] and Wilhelmina, the Queen of the Netherlands.[1]

In 1910, Francis was arrested for non-payment of taxes, but released on bail.[5]

Diplomatic career

Ambassador Francis and with Nikolai Tchaikovsky, c.1918

President Woodrow Wilson appointed Francis as the last U.S. Ambassador to the Russian Empire between 1916 and 1917.[6][7] During his time as ambassador, he was almost appointed as U.S. Senator from Missouri.[8] He served in that post during the Russian Revolution of 1917.[9][10]

Francis was the final owner of the St. Louis Republic, a morning newspaper which he sold after years of losses to the rival St. Louis Globe-Democrat in 1919. His biographer, Harper Barnes, summarized his personality:

David R. Francis was a brash, opinionated, stubborn, smart, sometimes foolish, straight-talking, quick-acting, independent-minded, proud, self-made man who represented the United States in Russia for two and a half years, during the most tumultuous era in that country's history. Much of his activity has been shrouded in myth – some of that heroic, more of that comic and tragic.[11]

Personal life

On January 20, 1876, he married the former Jane Perry (1854–1924), the daughter of John Dietz Perry (1815–1895) and a granddaughter of James Earickson, the former Missouri State Treasurer.[12] They had six children: John David Perry (1876–1950), David Rowland, Jr. (1879–1938), Charles Broaddus (1881–1957), Talton Turner (1882–1955), Thomas (1884–1964), and Sidney Rowland Francis (1888–1960).

His wife died in San Antonio, Texas on March 21, 1924. Francis died in St. Louis, Missouri, on January 15, 1927. He was buried in Bellefontaine Cemetery.[1]

Legacy

Francis Quadrangle Marker at the University of Missouri
Monument marking Francis's grave in Bellefontaine Cemetery.

In 1895, the University of Missouri dedicated David R. Francis Quadrangle in honor of the former governor who is credited with keeping the university in Columbia after the fire of Academic Hall in 1892. Francis insisted that the state's land-grant university remain in a central location, rather than moving to Sedalia, as many state legislators desired. Instead, Sedalia was awarded the Missouri State Fair as compensation. A bronze bust of Francis' face sits at the south end of Francis Quad near the steps of Jesse Hall. A popular MU student tradition is to rub Governor Francis' nose before taking a test in order to get an A.

The track/soccer/football stadium at Washington University in St. Louis, as well as the adjacent gymnasium, are named in Francis' honor. Francis Field was the site of the 1904 Summer Olympics; Francis attended the opening ceremony and officially opened the games as the representative for the host nation.

In 1916, he gave 60 acres (240,000 m2) of land to the city of St. Louis, Missouri as a Christmas gift. It was turned into a park that bears his name.[13]

In recognition of his donation of the land, a memorial statue of Francis was installed in Francis Park in the city of St. Louis, Missouri in August 2018. Francis Park is located within the neighborhood of St. Louis Hills. The bronze sculpture of David R. Francis is the work of American artist and sculptor, Harry Weber. The memorial is supported by the group, Friends of Francis Park.

References

Notes

  1. "D. R. FRANCIS DEAD; EX-AMBASSADOR; Was in Russia When Kerensky Deposed Czar, Also When "Reds" Seized Power. EX-SECRETARY OF INTERIOR Served Missouri as Governor and St. Louis as Mayor -- Headed the 1904 World's Fair". The New York Times. January 16, 1927. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  2. Thomas Scharf, John, History of Saint Louis City and County: From the Earliest Periods ..., Volume 2, retrieved September 24, 2017
  3. James Gilbert, Whose Fair? Experience, and Memory, and the History of the Great St. Louis Exposition (2009)
  4. "Austrian Honor for David R. Francis". The New York Times. June 24, 1905. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  5. Gov. Francis Gives $200 Bail, at the Tacoma Times (via Chronicling America); published March 12, 1910; retrieved April 14, 2014
  6. Times, Special To The New York (February 23, 1916). "FRANCIS GOING TO RUSSIA.; Missouri Ex-Governor Accepts Appointment as Ambassador". The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  7. Times, Special Cable To The New York (July 20, 1917). "FRANCIS ESCAPES PLOT TO KILL HIM; Attempt Made in Finland to Blow Up Train on Which Ambassador Was Traveling". The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  8. "BARS NAMING FRANCIS.; Lansing's Objection Prevents Appointment of Ambassador as Senator". The New York Times. April 24, 1918. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  9. "Francis Warns Russians of Danger in Separate Peace". The New York Times. January 14, 1918. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  10. "Ex-Ambassador Francis Describes the Russian Revolution". The New York Times. August 21, 1921. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  11. Harper Barnes (2001). Standing on a Volcano: The Life and Times of David Rowland Francis. Missouri History Museum. p. 11.
  12. Missouri State Treasurer-Past Treasurers Biography
  13. http://stlouis.missouri.org/citygov/parks/parks_div/Francis.html

Sources

  • "Installed". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. April 14, 1885. p. 2.
  • "The City Hall Change". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. January 2, 1889. p. 10.
  • Francis, David Rowland. The universal exposition of 1904. (Louisiana purchase exposition Company, 1913). online
  • Francis, David Rowland. Russia from the American Embassy, April, 1916-November, 1918 (C. Scribner's Sons, 1921).
  • Francis, David Rowland, and Jamie H. Cockfield. (1981). Dollars and diplomacy: Ambassador David Rowland Francis and the fall of tsarism, 1916-17 (Durham: Duke University Press).
  • Francis, David Rowland, Robert Chadwell Williams, and Robert Lester. (1986). Russia in transition: the diplomatic papers of David R. Francis, U.S. Ambassador to Russia, 1916-1918 (Frederick, Md: University Publications of America).

Further reading

  • Barnes, Harper. (2001). Standing on a volcano: the life and times of David Rowland Francis (St. Louis: Missouri Historical Society Press in association with the Francis Press. ISBN 1-883982-13-8).
Political offices
Preceded by
William L. Ewing
Mayor of St. Louis
1885–1889
Succeeded by
Edward A. Noonan
Preceded by
Albert P. Morehouse
Governor of Missouri
1889–1893
Succeeded by
William J. Stone
Preceded by
Hoke Smith
United States Secretary of the Interior
1896–1897
Succeeded by
Cornelius Bliss
Party political offices
Preceded by
John S. Marmaduke
Democratic nominee for Governor of Missouri
1888
Succeeded by
William J. Stone
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
George Marye
United States Ambassador to Russia
1916–1917
Succeeded by
William Christian Bullitt Jr.
as United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union
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